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41.
Don Ihde 《Human Studies》2008,31(1):1-9
This introduction to the special issue of Human Studies on postphenomenology outlines specific developments which have led to this style of phenomenology. Postphenomenology adapts
aspects of pragmatism, including its anti-Cartesian program against early modern subject/object epistemology. Postphenomenology
retains and emphasizes the use of phenomenological variations as an analytic tool, and in practice postphenomenology takes
what is commonly now called “an empirical turn,” which deeply analyzes case studies or concrete issues under its purview.
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Don IhdeEmail: |
42.
Thomas J. Nenon 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(4):427-439
This article compares the differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s conceptions of the “transcendental.” It argues that, for
Kant, the term “transcendental” stands for what is otherwise called “metaphysical,” i.e. non-empirical knowledge. As opposed
to his predecessors, who had believed that such non-empirical knowledge was possible for meta-physical, i.e. transcendent
objects, Kant’s contribution was to show how there can be non-empirical (a priori) knowledge not about transcendent objects,
but about the necessary conditions for the experience of natural, non-transcendent objects. Hence the transcendental for Kant
ends up connoting a philosophy that claims to show how subjective forms of intuition and thinking have objective validity
for all objects as appearances. By contrast, Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy takes a different set of problems for its
starting point. His quest is to avoid the uncertainty of empirical knowledge about all kinds of objects that present themselves
to us as something other than, something transcendent to, consciousness. Transcendental or reliable knowledge is made possible
through the phenomenological reduction that focuses strictly on consciousness as immediately self-given to itself—reflection
upon “pure” consciousness. The contents of such consciousness are not the same for everyone and at every time, so they are
not necessary and invariant in the way that Kant’s pure forms of subjectivity are. Since Husserl however also claims that
the all objects, as intentional objects, are constituted in and for consciousness, an investigation into the structures of
pure subjectivity can also be called “transcendental” in a further sense of showing the genesis of our knowledge of objects
that are transcendent to consciousness. Moreover, since Husserl’s philosophical interest is precisely upon the structures
of that consciousness, he also concentrates on necessary conditions for the constitution of these objects in his philosophical
work. Hence, there ends up being a great deal of overlap between his own transcendental project and Kant’s in spite of the
differences in what each of them means by the term “transcendental.”
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Thomas J. NenonEmail: |
43.
A Communicative Conception of Moral Appraisal 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jules Holroyd 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(3):267-278
I argue that our acts of moral appraisal should be communicative. Praise and blame should communicate, to the appraised, information
about their status and competences as moral agents; that they are recognised by the appraiser as a competent moral agent,
and thus a legitimate candidate for appraisal. I argue for this thesis by drawing on empirical data about factors that can
affect motivation. On the basis of such data, I formulate a constraint, and argue that two prominent models of moral appraisal
– a consequentialist model and Wallace’s ‘evaluative response’ model – violate this constraint. The model that I propose –
the communicative conception of appraisal – does not violate this constraint. This conception, I argue, can provide a fuller
picture of the role of appraisals in deepening agents’ commitment to moral norms. On this model, praise and blame has not
only an evaluative component, but also communicates to the agent competence affirming information.
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Jules HolroydEmail: |
44.
I provided a more personal view of Wachtel's (1980) article. I began by discussing the extent to which my own research program complied with his distinctive recommendations. After offering a different take on the impact of high productivity, I focused on (a) the negative effects of the quest for extramural funding and (b) the positive effects of a better balance between theoretical and empirical contributions. I then turn to some of my own theoretical and empirical studies of the place that theory has in successful science. This research suggests that theory only has a beneficial effect when it is integrative in function and when it is closely constrained by available data. I end with a speculation regarding the value of having theories that are maximally formal, even mathematical. 相似文献
45.
Claudia Casadio 《Studia Logica》2007,87(2-3):253-268
We know from the literature in theoretical linguistics that interrogative constructions in Italian have particular syntactic
properties, due to the liberal word order and the rich inflectional system. In this paper we show that the calculus of pregroups
represents a flexible and efficient computational device for the analysis and derivation of Italian sentences and questions.
In this context the distinction between direct vs. indirect statements and questions is explored.
Special Issue Categorial Grammars and Pregroups Edited by Wojciech Buszkowski and Anne Preller 相似文献
46.
The present experiment investigated to what extent providing participants with a model statement influences the ability of the verifiability approach to detect deception. Participants gave a true and false statement about a negative autobiographical event, with half of the participants receiving a detailed model statement just before giving their statement. We expected false statements to include more nonverifiable and less verifiable details than true statements and that providing a model statement would increase these differences. False statements indeed included more nonverifiable details than truthful statements but did not differ in the number of verifiable details. True statements included a higher ratio of verifiable details. The model statement encouraged participants to give a longer and more detailed statement. However, it prompted participants to increase the number of included verifiable—and not nonverifiable—details, regardless of veracity. Using a model statement did not influence the discriminability of the verifiability approach. 相似文献
47.
An empirical measurement model for interest inventory construction uses internal criteria whereas an inductive measurement model uses external criteria. The empirical and inductive measurement models are compared and contrasted and then two models are assessed through tests of the effectiveness and economy of scales for the Medical Specialty Preference Inventory (Zimney, 1979). The empirical results clearly demonstrate the advantages of using an empirical model for occupational interest inventory construction, whether alone or in conjunction with an inductive model. Furthermore, the results indicated that the empirical model may be used to resolve the long-standing problems in constructing predictive inventories for specialty choice within an occupation. 相似文献
48.
Mary J. Streufert Marcia Blasi Jessica Crist Rhiannon Graybill Man‐Hei Yip 《Dialog》2018,57(3):202-210
Social statements are social teaching and policy documents in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Created by task forces composed of ELCA members and supported by ELCA churchwide staff members, social statements are developed through a series of participatory steps. Contributors in this work share their feedback on the “Draft Social Statement on Women and Justice” with the task force as part of the process to create a proposed social statement for an assembly vote. 相似文献
49.
Howard J. Van Till 《Theology & Science》2016,14(1):6-35
The following is a fictional account of a symposium on the age-old topic of belief in God. Organized by faculty members at a religion-based academy called the “Immutable Creeds University” (ICU), the goal of the Symposium was to generate candid discussion on two major questions of interest to both traditional theology and the contemporary cognitive sciences: (1) Why do people believe in God? and (2) Is that belief justified? Responses to these questions were posed and discussed by representatives of: (a) Pre-scientific creedal Christianity, (b) Scientifically informed Christian theology, and (c) Comprehensive naturalism. These three points of view also represent the succession of stages experienced by the author in his personal (and occasionally turbulent) worldview journey. For this reason, some readers may wish to read the author's closing remarks first. 相似文献
50.
Cody Normitta Porter Giacomo Salvanelli 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2020,17(2):101-117
Forensic interviewing involves gathering information from a suspect or eyewitness. Administering a model statement during an interview results in greater information elicitation, which can enhance lie detection. Typically, a model statement is a highly detailed statement, on an unrelated topic to that of the interview. This study examined the effect of manipulating the modality of the MS, either by allowing participants to listen to (Audio‐MS), or read (Written‐MS) a model statement. A total of 162 (81 truth tellers, 81 liars) participants were randomly allocated to one of three interviewing conditions where they received either the Audio‐MS, Written‐MS, or No‐MS (control condition). Truth tellers honestly reported a “spy” mission, whereas liars performed a covert mission and lied about their activities. Results showed both model statements were equally more effective at eliciting information and facilitating lie detection, compared with a control condition. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献