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61.
迎接21世纪生命科学的新时代:———基因组与蛋白组计划时代 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
谭文斌 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》1998,19(9):449-452
当全世界人类基因组计划在近年取得迅速和突出的进展,即将来临床的21世纪将带领人类基因组计,划进入一个基基因组时代、蛋白组计划、生物信息学的新时代,所有这些将构成21世纪生命科学研究的核心前沿和主流。同亲,生物信息学的成果将高度地拓展生命科学新的研究领域和加速其研究的里程。多种多样数以千万计的生命模式(如生物大分子结构功能的模式)的数字化,将是加快生命科学信息化步入一个崭新的水平和时代的必由之路。 相似文献
62.
Sally Wiggins Alasdair Gordon-Finlayson Sue Becker Cath Sullivan 《Qualitative research in psychology》2016,13(1):1-19
The dissertation is a core component of a psychology undergraduate degree, though very little research has been conducted into supervision processes at undergraduate level. This study examined the accounts of supervisors of qualitative dissertations in order to identify current practices of supervision and possible resources that might support supervision. Seventeen supervisors from psychology departments in North East England and Scotland were interviewed, and three main themes were identified using thematic analysis: the quantitative culture in psychology teaching, supervisors’ expertise, and the supervision process. Supervisors noted that students were typically constrained in their choice of methodology due to limited qualitative methods teaching, lack of training and guidance for supervisors, and concerns about the risks of demanding qualitative projects. Supervisors therefore often reported staying within their comfort zone, electing where possible to supervise only the methods that they themselves use. Recommendations for practical resources are provided to help support students and supervisors in the process of undertaking qualitative psychology dissertations. 相似文献
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64.
A tacit assumption in the field of consciousness studies is that the more empirical evidence a theory can explain, the better it fares when weighed against competitors. If one wants to take seriously the potential for empirical evidence to move forward debates in consciousness studies, there is a need to gather, organize, validate, and compare evidence. We present an inference to the best explanation (IBE) process on the basis of empirical support that is applicable in debates between competing theories of consciousness. Our proposed IBE process consists in four steps: Assimilate, Compile, Validate, and Compare. Until now, the vast majority of the work in the field has consisted in gathering empirical evidence for theories i.e., the assimilation step. To illustrate the feasibility of our proposed IBE process, and what it may look like when applied in practice, we deliver a complete collection (the compilation step) of empirical support for the distinction between A-Consciousness and P-Consciousness and the overflow hypothesis. Finally, we offer an example of the validation step, by scrutinizing the interpretation of aphantasics’ performance on retro-cue paradigms offered in the literature in support of the overflow hypothesis. The compilation we deliver here is the first effort in the IBE process, the end result of which — hopefully — will be the ability of the research community to carry out side-by-side comparisons of theories and the empirical phenomena they claim to explain, i.e., the comparison step. 相似文献
65.
Don Ihde 《Human Studies》2008,31(1):1-9
This introduction to the special issue of Human Studies on postphenomenology outlines specific developments which have led to this style of phenomenology. Postphenomenology adapts
aspects of pragmatism, including its anti-Cartesian program against early modern subject/object epistemology. Postphenomenology
retains and emphasizes the use of phenomenological variations as an analytic tool, and in practice postphenomenology takes
what is commonly now called “an empirical turn,” which deeply analyzes case studies or concrete issues under its purview.
相似文献
Don IhdeEmail: |
66.
S. Matthew Liao 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(2):247-262
Radical experimentalists argue that we should give up using intuitions as evidence in philosophy. In this paper, I first argue
that the studies presented by the radical experimentalists in fact suggest that some intuitions are reliable. I next consider
and reject a different way of handling the radical experimentalists’ challenge, what I call the Argument from Robust Intuitions.
I then propose a way of understanding why some intuitions can be unreliable and how intuitions can conflict, and I argue that
on this understanding, both moderate experimentalism and the standard philosophical practice of using intuitions as evidence
can help resolve these conflicts.
相似文献
S. Matthew LiaoEmail: URL: www.smatthewliao.com |
67.
Rogério Passos Severo 《Synthese》2008,161(1):141-165
Quine’s thesis of underdetermination is significantly weaker than it has been taken to be in the recent literature, for the
following reasons: (i) it does not hold for all theories, but only for some global theories, (ii) it does not require the
existence of empirically equivalent yet logically incompatible theories, (iii) it does not rule out the possibility that all perceived rivalry between empirically equivalent theories might
be merely apparent and eliminable through translation, (iv) it is not a fundamental thesis within Quine’s philosophy, and
(v) it does not carry with it the anti-realistic consequences often associated with the thesis in recent debates. The paper
analyzes Quine’s views on the matter and the changes they underwent over the years. A conjecture is put forth about why Quine’s
thesis has been so widely misrepresented: Quine’s writings up to 1975 tackled primarily the formulation and justification
of the thesis, but afterwards were concerned mostly with the question whether empirically equivalent rivals to the theory
we hold are to be considered true also. When this latter discussion is read without bearing in mind Quine’s earlier formulation
and justification of the thesis, his thesis seems to have stronger epistemic consequences than it actually does. A careful
reading of his later writings shows, however, that the formulation of the thesis remained unchanged after 1975, and that his
mature and considered views supported only a very mitigated version of the thesis. 相似文献
68.
Thomas J. Nenon 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(4):427-439
This article compares the differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s conceptions of the “transcendental.” It argues that, for
Kant, the term “transcendental” stands for what is otherwise called “metaphysical,” i.e. non-empirical knowledge. As opposed
to his predecessors, who had believed that such non-empirical knowledge was possible for meta-physical, i.e. transcendent
objects, Kant’s contribution was to show how there can be non-empirical (a priori) knowledge not about transcendent objects,
but about the necessary conditions for the experience of natural, non-transcendent objects. Hence the transcendental for Kant
ends up connoting a philosophy that claims to show how subjective forms of intuition and thinking have objective validity
for all objects as appearances. By contrast, Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy takes a different set of problems for its
starting point. His quest is to avoid the uncertainty of empirical knowledge about all kinds of objects that present themselves
to us as something other than, something transcendent to, consciousness. Transcendental or reliable knowledge is made possible
through the phenomenological reduction that focuses strictly on consciousness as immediately self-given to itself—reflection
upon “pure” consciousness. The contents of such consciousness are not the same for everyone and at every time, so they are
not necessary and invariant in the way that Kant’s pure forms of subjectivity are. Since Husserl however also claims that
the all objects, as intentional objects, are constituted in and for consciousness, an investigation into the structures of
pure subjectivity can also be called “transcendental” in a further sense of showing the genesis of our knowledge of objects
that are transcendent to consciousness. Moreover, since Husserl’s philosophical interest is precisely upon the structures
of that consciousness, he also concentrates on necessary conditions for the constitution of these objects in his philosophical
work. Hence, there ends up being a great deal of overlap between his own transcendental project and Kant’s in spite of the
differences in what each of them means by the term “transcendental.”
相似文献
Thomas J. NenonEmail: |
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70.
全球基本健康研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BarryR.Bloom 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2001,22(2):6-11
在过去的10年间,世界各国的卫生研究意识都在增强,每个国家都很重视基本的国家研究在医疗卫生及医疗卫生系统中的作用。基因组计划将改变我们理解健康和疾病的方式,导致人们对“预防性治疗”的需要,但其带来的负面影响不可忽视。 相似文献