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991.
Poor social skills and behavioral problems are a major component of ADHD. The different explanations offered so far, such as cognitive deficits and deficient self regulation, have not been able fully to account for the various aspects of the social dysfunction, suggesting that other mechanisms might underlay this impairment. Our study sought to assess the emotion recognition of Israeli boys at risk of ADHD, and to evaluate its associations with their social skills. A group of 111 boys (grades 4 and 5) were assigned to an At-risk (n=50) and a control (n=61) group based on their scores in an ADHD symptoms questionnaire. The two groups were matched on age, socio-economic status and class and school environment. Group comparisons revealed that compared to their non-At-risk counterparts, At-risk boys have impaired emotion recognition. Finally, multiple groups Structural Equation Modeling analyses (SEM) demonstrated that emotion misrecognition plays a significant role in the At-risk children's social functioning and behavioral problems compared to its role in the social competence and behavioral problems among the comparison group. Implications for the understanding and treatment of social skills problems among children at risk of ADHD are proposed. 相似文献
992.
Dimensions of martial conflict, children's emotional security regarding interparental conflict, and parenting style were examined
as mediators between parental dysphoria and child adjustment. A community sample of 262 children, ages 8–16, participated
with their parents. Behavioral observations were made of parents’ interactions during marital conflict resolution tasks, which
children later observed to assess their emotional security. Questionnaires assessed parents’ dysphoria, parenting, and children's
adjustment. Structural equation modeling indicated that parental dysphoria was linked with child adjustment through specific
and distinct mediating family processes, including marital conflict and parenting. Children's emotional security in the context
of particular marital conflict styles also mediated relations between parental dysphoria and child adjustment problems, with
similar pathways found for mothers and fathers. These pathways remained significant even after significant parenting contributions
were considered. 相似文献
993.
The present study investigated developmental patterns in children's interpretation of anxiety-related physical symptoms and emotional reasoning, and to what extent these phenomena are influenced by children's level of cognitive development. A large sample of 4-13-year-old children (N=358) were exposed to vignettes in which the presence and absence of physical symptoms was systematically varied. In addition, children completed a series of conservation tasks and a theory-of-mind-test. Results demonstrated that from the age of 7, children were increasingly able to link physical symptoms to anxiety. Furthermore, cognitive development appeared to enhance children's ability to interpret physical symptoms as a sign of anxiety. Further, children's tendency to infer danger from vignettes with physical symptoms (i.e., emotional reasoning) was already prominent in 4-6-year-olds. The implications for physical symptom-based theories of childhood anxiety are briefly discussed. 相似文献
994.
The Approach–Avoidance Task (AAT) was employed to indirectly investigate avoidance reactions to stimuli of potential social threat. Forty-three highly socially anxious individuals (HSAs) and 43 non-anxious controls (NACs) reacted to pictures of emotional facial expressions (angry, neutral, or smiling) or to control pictures (puzzles) by pulling a joystick towards themselves (approach) versus pushing it away from themselves (avoidance). HSAs showed stronger avoidance tendencies than NACs for smiling as well as angry faces, whereas no group differences were found for neutral faces and puzzles. In contrast, valence ratings of the emotional facial expressions did not differ between groups. A critical discrepancy between direct and indirect measures was observed for smiling faces: HSAs evaluated them positively, but reacted to them with avoidance. 相似文献
995.
Knowledge of familiar people is essential to guide social interaction, yet there is uncertainty about whether semantic knowledge for people is stored in a categorical structure as for objects. Four priming experiments using hard-to-perceive primes investigated whether occupation forms a category connecting famous persons in semantic memory. Primes were famous faces exposed for 17ms with masking, resulting in severely restricted awareness and thus precluding expectancy-based priming effects. Targets were consciously perceptible famous faces (Experiments 1-3), famous names (Experiment 3), or occupations (Experiment 4) representing either the same or different occupation to the prime. Significant priming demonstrated the operation of automatic processes, including spreading activation, among persons sharing a common occupation; this supports the categorical view. The direction of priming (faster/slower responses to same-occupation than different-occupation targets) was dependent on prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony (Experiments 1-3) and type of target (Experiment 4). This pattern of results is attributed to the Centre-Surround mechanism proposed by Carr and Dagenbach [Carr, T. H., & Dagenbach, D. (1990). Semantic priming and repetition priming from masked words: evidence for a centre-surround attentional mechanism in perceptual recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 16, 341-350]. These results support (a) the categorical structure of semantic knowledge for famous people and (b) the application of the Centre-Surround mechanism to the domain of person recognition. 相似文献
996.
Congruence Between Implicit and Explicit Motives and Emotional Well-Being: The Moderating Role of Activity Inhibition 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thomas A. Langens 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(1):49-59
The current research tested the hypothesis that activity inhibition–conceptualized as the degree of restraint an individual
exercises over emotional and motivational impulses–moderates the association between congruence of implicit and explicit motives
and emotional well-being. Congruence of implicit and explicit motives was expected to be related to a more positive well-being
among individuals low in activity inhibition, but not among individuals high in activity inhibition. Two cross-sectional studies
(Study 1: N=72; Study 2: N=147) were conducted to test this hypothesis. Both studies found the predicted pattern of results for achievement motivation,
demonstrating that congruence of implicit and explicit achievement motivation was related to a more positive mood only for
participants low in activity inhibition. There was no evidence of congruence effects for affiliation motivation.
相似文献
Thomas A. LangensEmail: |
997.
以120名四、五年级小学儿童为被试,探讨汉语儿童英语口语词汇与阅读学习的关系,并检验了英语语音意识在其中的中介作用。结果表明:(1)汉语儿童的英语口语词汇与阅读学习之间存在密切关系。控制一般认知能力和母语口语词汇的影响后,英语口语词汇对阅读学习仍具有显著的预测作用。其中,英语口语词汇产生对于英语单词认读的预测作用更重要,英语口语词汇理解则对英语单词理解的预测作用更重要。(2)英语口语词汇产生既可以直接作用于英语单词认读、理解和假词拼读,也部分通过英语语音意识的中介间接作用于英语阅读;英语口语词汇理解对英语单词理解也具有直接作用,并部分地通过英语语音意识的中介发挥间接作用 相似文献
998.
999.
Joseph F. Landolfi Glenn Geher Alice Andrews 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2007,26(1):46-59
Past research has found that males are more distressed by imagined scenarios of sexual infidelity compared with females, while
females are more distressed by imagined scenarios of emotional infidelity. Expanding on the methodology originally employed
by Buss et al. (Psychological Science, 3, 251–255, 1992), we examined sex differences in reactions to imagined infidelity
by addressing the effects of visual images of potential interlopers. Additionally, this research measured affective responses
in a continuous format by examining psychological discomfort. Participants in high-visual imagery and control conditions imagined
infidelity (both emotional and sexual) and then reported levels of discomfort. Further, two indices of autonomic nervous system
responding were assessed (skin conductance and pulse rate). Ninety-three (53 females, 40 males) college students participated.
Visual stimuli produced greater psychological distress than thought-produced stimuli for all participants, especially males.
Sex differences in reactions to infidelity consistent with past research were obtained for the categorical and continuous
psychological indices. Implications for research in this area are discussed.
相似文献
Glenn GeherEmail: |
1000.
视觉情绪知觉需要注意和意识吗?困惑及其原因 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一些研究者通过操纵刺激知觉条件或者被试注意资源的分配方式来改变意识水平,他们报告视觉情绪刺激可以在没有进入意识的条件下知觉。但最近采用更为客观的方法揭示先前研究中所用的测量意识觉知的标准并不客观有效,这些以信号检测论为基础的研究显示,视觉情绪知觉离不开注意,注意通过自上而下和自下而上两种方式调控情绪知觉,除此之外还发现,个性变量,比如焦虑特质的差异也会影响到情绪知觉 相似文献