Age,Emotion Regulation Strategies,Temperament, Creative Drama,and Preschoolers' Creativity

Based on Yeh's (2004) Ecological Systems Model of Creativity Development, this study investigated the effects that age, the use of emotion regulation strategies, temperament, and exposure to creative drama instruction have on the development of creativity among preschool children. Participants were 1164‐ to 6‐year‐old preschool children. This study categorized the emotion regulation strategies used by preschool children and developed a creativity test which includes the measurement of usefulness, an indicator of creativity that has, until now, been ignored. The main findings are that (a) 6‐year‐olds outperform 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds in terms of creativity; (b) emotion regulation strategies as well as a positive temperament have positive effects on children's creativity; (c) creative drama instruction contributes to children's creativity; and (d) age group, emotion regulation strategies, temperament, and creative drama instruction can collectively predict children's creativity.     

Gender differences in facial imitation and verbally reported emotional contagion from spontaneous to emotionally regulated processing levels

Previous studies on gender differences in facial imitation and verbally reported emotional contagion have investigated emotional responses to pictures of facial expressions at supraliminal exposure times. The aim of the present study was to investigate how gender differences are related to different exposure times, representing information processing levels from subliminal (spontaneous) to supraliminal (emotionally regulated). Further, the study aimed at exploring correlations between verbally reported emotional contagion and facial responses for men and women. Masked pictures of angry, happy and sad facial expressions were presented to 102 participants (51 men) at exposure times from subliminal (23 ms) to clearly supraliminal (2500 ms). Myoelectric activity (EMG) from the corrugator and the zygomaticus was measured and the participants reported their hedonic tone (verbally reported emotional contagion) after stimulus exposures. The results showed an effect of exposure time on gender differences in facial responses as well as in verbally reported emotional contagion. Women amplified imitative responses towards happy vs. angry faces and verbally reported emotional contagion with prolonged exposure times, whereas men did not. No gender differences were detected at the subliminal or borderliminal exposure times, but at the supraliminal exposure gender differences were found in imitation as well as in verbally reported emotional contagion. Women showed correspondence between their facial responses and their verbally reported emotional contagion to a greater extent than men. The results were interpreted in terms of gender differences in emotion regulation, rather than as differences in biologically prepared emotional reactivity.     

Cognitive Emotion Regulation: Insights From Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

ABSTRACT— Recent developments in the study of cognitive emotion regulation illustrate how functional imaging is extending behavioral analyses. Imaging studies have contributed to the development of a multilevel model of emotion regulation that describes the interactions between neural systems implicated in emotion generation and those implicated in emotional control. In this article, we review imaging studies of one type of cognitive emotion regulation: reappraisal. We show how imaging studies have contributed to the construction of this model, illustrate the interplay of psychological theory and neuroscience data in its development, and describe how this model can be used as the basis for future basic and translational research.     

不同亚型ADHD儿童的视通道时距估计能力

本研究选取ADHD混合型儿童11名,ADHD注意缺损型儿童13名以及正常儿童15名,通过"平均估计长度"、"平均估计误差百分比"、"估计变异值"三个指标,考察不同亚型ADHD儿童在时距复制和言语估计上的稳定性和精确性。研究发现,在视觉刺激条件下,ADHD儿童的时距估计缺损并不受时距长度的影响;ADHD混合型儿童在多项任务中所表现的稳定性和精确性都差,而ADHD缺损型儿童只是稳定性差,说明ADHD混合型是ADHD中更严重的亚类型;ADHD儿童在时距估计任务中稳定性差,反映了其状态调节能力的落后。     

情绪复杂性对精神症状的影响途径及干预技术

情绪复杂性指的是个体情绪体验的多样性和分化度。情绪复杂性影响了精神症状的形成, 它不仅通过改变情绪调节策略的频率和程度来影响精神症状, 而且会影响情绪调节策略和精神症状之间的关系。基于情绪复杂性的干预增加了暴露治疗的疗效。正念能提升情绪复杂性, 但两者的作用机制可能有所差别。情绪复杂性的多角度测量、作用条件及脑机制应成为今后在临床领域的研究方向。     

学习时间分配的基于议程调节模型*

作为学习时间分配研究热点的基于议程调节模型认为,学习者是在学习目标的指导下,建构并执行议程来进行学习时间分配。议程即学习计划,是学习时间分配的驱动力。该模型强调学习者在自我调节学习过程中有意识的进行着学习效益最大化的权衡决策来实现学习目标,包容了以往学习时间分配的经典理论。大量的新近研究支持了基于议程调节模型,并深入地探讨了议程驱动与习惯性反应之间的关系。 未来的研究应进一步考察学习时间分配权衡过程中的意识和无意识双加工机制,探讨个体变量对学习时间分配议程建构的权衡机制的影响,并在更加生态化的情境中考察学习时间分配议程建构的权衡机制。     

基于价值的议程对学习时间分配影响的眼动研究

通过对比不同梯度下, 分值激发的议程与习惯性反应作用一致、不一致条件中, 优先选择项目和学习时间的差异, 考察基于价值的议程对学习时间分配的影响及其动态过程。结果发现：(1)等分值条件下, 汉语为母语被试存在从左到右的习惯性反应。(2)分值梯度对基于议程的学习时间分配的有效性具有调节作用。小分值梯度(1分、5分)激发的议程能够克服习惯性反应对学习时间分配的影响, 但不能使被试建立起优先学习高价值项目的议程; 大分值梯度(1分、10分)能够克服习惯性反应对学习时间分配影响, 且能够使被试建立起优先学习高价值项目的议程。(3)基于议程调节的学习时间分配在时程和阶段上具有动态性和情境特异性。     

父母网络监管对青少年网络游戏成瘾为何事与愿违?——一个有调节的中介效应模型

父母网络监管对于减少青少年网络游戏成瘾的效果往往不尽相同,本研究对4105名青少年进行调查考察了不良同伴交往在父母网络监管对青少年网络游戏成瘾影响中的中介作用,以及父母网络监管对青少年不良同伴交往的影响路径是否受亲子关系的调节。结果发现：（1）直接效应显示父母网络监管能显著正向预测青少年网络游戏成瘾,不良同伴交往在父母网络监管对网络游戏成瘾的影响中起“遮掩效应”;（2）亲子关系显著调节父母网络监管对不良同伴交往的影响;（3）整体模型检验发现,父母网络监管、亲子关系、不良同伴交往和网络游戏成瘾形成了一个有调节的中介模型。     

积极情绪调节的ERP研究

利用ERP技术研究认知重评对积极情绪调节及后续认知任务的影响。先呈现积极图片,要求被试被动观看或认知重评。接着呈现情绪词,要求被试进行效价判断。结果显示,在情绪调节阶段,与被动观看或评价忽视相比,评价重视调节下的LPP更大。在词呈现阶段,被试的反应时受情绪调节的影响,表现为:评价忽视>评价重视>被动观看。在160-720ms期间,认知重评之后词汇所诱发的ERP与被动观看后词汇的ERP有显著差异,支持情绪调节损耗认知资源的观点。     

心理复原的机制：来自特质性复原力个体的证据

心理复原(力)是指个体在经历对生命具有威胁的事件或严重的创伤后仍然能回复到良好适应状况的心理发展现象。基于能力取向的文献表明, 积极情绪性、情绪调节是特质性复原力机制研究的重要内容; 脑岛和前额叶(特别是vmPFC和OFC)是其敏感的脑区; 作用于杏仁核脑区的5-羟色胺转运蛋白与特质性复原力密切相关。基于这些研究结果, 提出积极情绪与(自动、有意)情绪调节交互作用的双重加工理论和根据实际需要调节情绪的情绪灵活性理论。未来的研究应该就情绪记忆、人格特质等在心理复原中的作用进行探讨。