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281.
Young and old adults’ ability to recognize emotions from vocal expressions and music performances was compared. The stimuli
consisted of (a) acted speech (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness; each posed with both weak and strong emotion
intensity), (b) synthesized speech (anger, fear, happiness, and sadness), and (c) short melodies played on the electric guitar
(anger, fear, happiness, and sadness; each played with both weak and strong emotion intensity). The listeners’ recognition
of discrete emotions and emotion intensity was assessed and the recognition rates were controlled for various response biases.
Results showed emotion-specific age-related differences in recognition accuracy. Old adults consistently received significantly
lower recognition rates for negative, but not for positive, emotions for both speech and music stimuli. Some age-related differences
were also evident in the listeners’ ratings of emotion intensity. The results show the importance of considering individual
emotions in studies on age-related differences in emotion recognition. 相似文献
282.
Tracy A. Dennis 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(3):200-207
Affective style reflecting approach and inhibition is thought to be associated in distinct ways with anxious versus depressed
mood; relatively few studies, however, consider how the interaction between affective style and the strategies individuals
use to regulate mood and emotion might influence these associations. Sixty-seven non-disordered adults self-reported on their
use of two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), behavioral approach (BAS) and
behavioral inhibition sensitivity (BIS) dimensions of affective style, and anxious and depressed mood (trait anxiety and symptoms
of depression). Trait anxiety versus depressed mood was associated with unique interactive patterns of emotion regulation
and affective style: enhanced use of reappraisal was linked to less depressed mood in those reporting low BAS, whereas high
suppression was linked to greater trait anxiety in those reporting low BIS. The implications of findings for typical emotional
processes and for clinical disorders and interventions are discussed. 相似文献
283.
In this review, we examine the role of emotion regulation in the treatment of children with anxiety disorders. Cognitive-behavioral
therapy (CBT) has been shown to “work” for children with anxiety disorders and it has been categorized as an evidence-based
treatment. However, most studies have shown that the treatment is effective for about 60–70% of children, leaving the remaining
children symptomatic and oftentimes with persisting psychological disorders. Of importance, it has also been shown that many
children with anxiety disorders demonstrate poor emotion regulation skills. Despite these findings, little attention has been
directed toward incorporating emotion regulation strategies into these relatively effective cognitive-behavioral treatments.
It is possible that CBT programs do not work as well for a portion of children because their emotion regulation deficits,
if present, are not being targeted sufficiently. In this review, it is suggested that adding an emotion regulation component
could increase treatment efficacy. In addition, strategies aimed at improving emotion regulation at the individual level and
at the family level are introduced. Details of how improved emotion regulation skills could be beneficial in bringing about
change are discussed. Finally, issues of measurement and the clinical implications for research and practice are considered. 相似文献
284.
The role of worry in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been posited to serve as an avoidance of emotional experience, and emotion regulation deficits in GAD have been found in several previous studies. It remains unclear whether those with GAD experience more dysregulated emotions during periods of euthymia and positive affect or whether these deficits occur only during periods of worry. Individuals with GAD (with and without co-occurring dysphoria) and non-anxious controls were randomly assigned to receive a worry, neutral, or relaxation induction. Following the induction, all participants viewed a film clip documented to elicit sadness. Intensity of emotions and emotion regulation were examined following the induction period and film clip. The results revealed that, regardless of co-occurring dysphoria, individuals with GAD in the worry condition experienced more intense depressed affect than GAD participants in the other conditions and controls participants. In contrast, presence of worry appeared to have less impact on indices of emotion dysregulation, which were greater in participants with GAD compared to controls, but largely insensitive to contextual effects of worry or of relaxation. Following film viewing, both GAD participants with and without dysphoria displayed poorer understanding, acceptance, and management of emotions than did controls. However, acceptance and management deficits were most pronounced in individuals with both GAD and co-occurring dysphoria. Implications for the role of emotions in conceptualization and treatment of GAD are discussed. 相似文献
285.
Susan M. Johnson 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2007,37(1):47-52
This article describes emotionally focused couple therapy and the contribution of this model to the field of couple therapy.
A focus on emotional processing in the present moment, on process factors and on a genuine empathic connection with both clients
is at the heart of this model. The creation of new patterns of emotional responses results in the creation of key new interactional
responses. EFT is empirically validated on several levels: on the level of treatment outcome, and on the levels of the relational
theory in which it is based and key moments and factors in the change process. 相似文献
286.
Individuals frequently have to regulate their emotions, especially negative ones, to function successfully. However, deliberate emotion regulation can have significant costs for the individual. Are there less costly ways to achieve emotion regulatory goals? In two studies, we test the hypothesis that more automatic types of emotion regulation might provide the benefits of deliberate emotion regulation without the costs. Study 1 introduces a priming technique that manipulates automatic emotion regulation. Using this priming technique, we show that relative to priming emotion expression, priming emotion control leads to less anger experience in response to a laboratory anger provocation. Study 2 examines the experiential and physiological consequences of automatic emotion regulation. Results suggest that relative to priming emotion expression, priming emotion control reduces negative emotion experience without maladaptive cardiovascular responding. Together, these findings suggest that automatic emotion regulation may provide an effective means of controlling powerful negative emotions. 相似文献
287.
One way people control the contents of their minds is intentional forgetting—voluntarily forgetting events after they have happened. The events people would most like to forget are unpleasant and emotional. This study used a directed forgetting procedure with emotional and neutral pictures to examine whether people can intentionally forget emotional events as easily as mundane ones. When the to-be-forgotten list was neutral, participants showed successful intentional forgetting. But when the to-be-forgotten list was emotional, directed forgetting failed. Results contribute to understanding the ways that emotion constrains mental control by capturing mental processes including memory retrieval. Emotion may short-circuit attempts to forget those parts of the past people would most like to forget. 相似文献
288.
People sometimes judge their emotions, preferences, and attitudes to be more intense than those of other people. Two experiments tested whether this emotion intensity bias in direct comparisons results from two non-motivated cognitive processes—egocentrism and focalism. In Study 1, the intensity bias was found even when comparing a friend’s preferences to peers. In Study 2, attention given to own versus other’s preferences, and the referent of the comparison (self or others) were manipulated. Results indicated that attention to others reduced the bias, presumably by reducing egocentrism. Consistent with focalism, the bias also emerged when a friend was the target of comparison, and the bias was eliminated when the self was the referent rather than the target of comparison. In the discussion, we evaluate these accounts in light of some alternative explanations for the intensity bias. 相似文献
289.
This study investigated the role of emotion regulation in children's early academic success using a sample of 325 kindergarteners. A mediational analysis addressed the potential mechanisms through which emotion regulation relates to children's early academic success. Results indicated that emotion regulation was positively associated with teacher reports of children's academic success and productivity in the classroom and standardized early literacy and math achievement scores. Contrary to predictions, child behavior problems and the quality of the student teacher relationship did not mediate these relations. However, emotion regulation and the quality of the student-teacher relationship uniquely predicted academic outcomes even after accounting for IQ. Findings are discussed in terms of how emotion regulation skills facilitate children's development of a positive student-teacher relationship as well as cognitive processing and independent learning behavior, all of which are important for academic motivation and success. 相似文献
290.
Event-related brain potentials were measured in 7- and 12-month-old infants to examine the development of processing happy and angry facial expressions. In 7-month-olds a larger negativity to happy faces was observed at frontal, central, temporal and parietal sites (Experiment 1), whereas 12-month-olds showed a larger negativity to angry faces at occipital sites (Experiment 2). These data suggest that processing of these facial expressions undergoes development between 7 and 12 months: while 7-month-olds exhibit heightened sensitivity to happy faces, 12-month-olds resemble adults in their heightened sensitivity to angry faces. In Experiment 3 infants' visual preference was assessed behaviorally, revealing that the differences in ERPs observed at 7 and 12 months do not simply reflect differences in visual preference. 相似文献