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221.
The present study investigated emotional influences on behavior in a one-shot, simultaneous, give-some dilemma game. In accordance with functional perspectives on the role of discrete emotions, we found fear to reduce, and guilt to increase levels of cooperation. Moreover, we showed individual differences in the effect of induced emotional states. Specifically, results indicated that inducing fear reduced cooperation only for individuals with a pro-social value orientation, and that guilt induction increased cooperation only for individuals with a pro-self value orientation. We also established that both social value orientations could be adequately described in terms of differences in chronically accessible goals (as assessed by value-importance ratings). These results, therefore, seem to support our hypothesis that individual differences in the behavioral consequences of induced emotional states are related to variation in chronic accessibility of general goals associated with a particular emotional state. 相似文献
222.
Jolieke Mesken Marjan P. Hagenzieker Talib Rothengatter Dick de Waard 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2007,10(6):458-475
In the present study, the frequency, determinants and consequences of three relevant emotions in traffic were investigated. Based on appraisal theory, it was predicted that the combination of three appraisal components (goal congruence, blame and threat) affects the occurrence of anger, anxiety and happiness. Participants (n = 44) filled in a questionnaire containing background and personality variables, and performed a test drive in an instrumented car. During the drive, speed and heart rate were registered and the traffic environment was recorded on video. Participants verbally reported scores for emotions and perceived risk. The most frequently occurring emotion was anxiety, followed by anger and happiness. Emotions while driving were related to emotional traits. Emotions while driving were also related to traffic events: anger and anxiety were both associated with goal incongruent events, and happiness with goal congruent events. Anger was mostly associated with other-blame and anxiety with situation-blame. Anger was mostly associated with events affecting impeded progress, and anxiety with events affecting safety. Anxiety, but not anger or happiness, was associated with increased perceived risk and with increased heart rate. Participants who reported anger drove faster and exceeded the speed limit more often on a 100 km/road section than participants who did not report anger. These and other results are discussed in terms of appraisal theory and state-trait differences in emotion. 相似文献
223.
Stefan G. Hofmann Sanna Heering Alice T. Sawyer Anu Asnaani 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(5):389-394
It has been suggested that reappraisal strategies are more effective than suppression strategies for regulating emotions. Recently, proponents of the acceptance-based behavior therapy movement have further emphasized the importance of acceptance-based emotion regulation techniques. In order to directly compare these different emotion regulation strategies, 202 volunteers were asked to give an impromptu speech in front of a video camera. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The Reappraisal group was instructed to regulate their anxious arousal by reappraising the situation; the Suppression group was asked to suppress their anxious behaviors; and the Acceptance group was instructed to accept their anxiety. As expected, the Suppression group showed a greater increase in heart rate from baseline than the Reappraisal and Acceptance groups. Moreover, the Suppression group reported more anxiety than the Reappraisal group. However, the Acceptance and Suppression groups did not differ in their subjective anxiety response. These results suggest that both reappraising and accepting anxiety is more effective for moderating the physiological arousal than suppressing anxiety. However, reappraising is more effective for moderating the subjective feeling of anxiety than attempts to suppress or accept it. 相似文献
224.
Michelle Montague 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):171-192
My concern in this paper is with the intentionality of emotions. Desires and cognitions are the traditional paradigm cases
of intentional attitudes, and one very direct approach to the question of the intentionality of emotions is to treat it as
sui generis—as on a par with the intentionality of desires and cognitions but in no way reducible to it. A more common approach seeks
to reduce the intentionality of emotions to the intentionality of familiar intentional attitudes like desires and cognitions. In this
paper, I argue for the sui generis approach.
相似文献
Michelle MontagueEmail: |
225.
Affective Synchrony in Dual‐ and Single‐Smoker Couples: Further Evidence of “Symptom‐System Fit”? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
MICHAEL J. ROHRBAUGH PH.D. † VARDA SHOHAM PH.D. EMILY A. BUTLER PH.D. † BRANT P. HASLER PH.D. JEFFREY S. BERMAN PH.D. § 《Family process》2009,48(1):55-67
Couples in which one or both partners smoked despite one of them having a heart or lung problem discussed a health-related disagreement before and during a period of laboratory smoking. Immediately afterwards, the partners in these 25 couples used independent joysticks to recall their continuous emotional experience during the interaction while watching themselves on video. A couple-level index of affective synchrony, reflecting correlated moment-to-moment change in the two partners' joystick ratings, tended to increase from baseline to smoking for 9 dual-smoker couples but decrease for 16 single-smoker couples. Results suggest that coregulation of shared emotional experience could be a factor in smoking persistence, particularly when both partners in a couple smoke. Relationship-focused interventions addressing this fit between symptom and system may help smokers achieve stable cessation. 相似文献
226.
Cultural Variability in the Manifestation of Expressed Emotion 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
STEVEN R. LÓPEZ PH.D. JORGE I. RAMÍREZ GARCÍA PH.D. † JODIE B. ULLMAN PH.D. ‡ ALEX KOPELOWICZ M.D. § JANIS JENKINS PH.D. ¶ NICHOLAS J. K. BREITBORDE PH.D. PERLA PLACENCIA M.S.W. 《Family process》2009,48(2):179-194
We examined the distribution of expressed emotion (EE) and its indices in a sample of 224 family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia pooled from 5 studies, 3 reflecting a contemporary sample of Mexican Americans (MA 2000, N =126), 1 of an earlier study of Mexican Americans (MA 1980, N =44), and the other of an earlier study of Anglo Americans (AA, N =54). Chi-square and path analyses revealed no significant differences between the 2 MA samples in rates of high EE, critical comments, hostility, and emotional over-involvement (EOI). Only caregiver warmth differed for the 2 MA samples; MA 1980 had higher warmth than MA 2000. Significant differences were consistently found between the combined MA samples and the AA sample; AAs had higher rates of high EE, more critical comments, less warmth, less EOI, and a high EE profile comprised more of criticism/hostility. We also examined the relationship of proxy measures of acculturation among the MA 2000 sample. The findings support and extend Jenkins' earlier observations regarding the cultural variability of EE for Mexican Americans. Implications are discussed regarding the cross-cultural measurement of EE and the focus of family interventions. 相似文献
227.
AYSEGUL OZERDEM M.D. PH.D. MERAL OGUZ DAVID MIKLOWITZ PH.D. CAN CIMILLI 《Family process》2009,48(3):417-428
Family-focused therapy (FFT) is a 9-month, 21-session structured psychoeducational treatment for bipolar disorder. Several US-based studies have documented its efficacy as adjunctive to medication for depression stabilization and relapse prevention. However, FFT has never been applied outside of the United States. The objective of this case series is to explore the applicability of FFT in a non-Western culture. Ten patients with bipolar disorder and their family members attended the 9-month FFT as adjunctive to pharmacotherapy in an outpatient specialty clinic in Izmir, Turkey. Patients improved in Global Assessment of Functioning Scores and Clinical Global Impression Scores from pre- to posttreatment. Case studies are given, which illustrate the differences between Western and non-Western families coping with bipolar disorder. FFT was easily applied to a Turkish sample with few changes in format or focus. Adaptations included substitution of oral for written therapeutic tasks or homework assignments. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test the clinical effectiveness of FFT and other psychosocial interventions in non-Western cultures. 相似文献
228.
David M. Amodio 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(1):60-67
Anxiety associated with an intergroup interaction is often thought to interfere with the cognitive control of automatic racial stereotypes. However, this link remains elusive, as self-reported anxiety is not typically associated with assessments of control. The present research tested a neuroendocrine model for how intergroup anxiety may affect controlled processing. White participants met with a Black or White interviewer to discuss their racial attitudes and to complete a measure of stereotype inhibition. Baseline and post-interaction assessments of self-reported anxiety and salivary cortisol were obtained. Although self-reported anxiety was heightened for participants in the Black interviewer condition, it was not associated with control on the stereotyping task. Rather, greater cortisol reactivity to the interracial interaction predicted reduced controlled processing. This pattern was not observed in the White interviewer condition. Implications for theories of intergroup anxiety, self-regulation, and resource depletion are discussed. 相似文献
229.
Lenneke R. A. Alink Dante Cicchetti Jungmeen Kim Fred A. Rogosch 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):831-843
The present study investigated underlying processes of the effect of maltreatment on psychopathology (i.e., internalizing
and externalizing problems) in a group of 111 maltreated and 110 nonmaltreated 7–10 year-old children (60% boys). We tested
the moderating and/or mediating roles of emotion regulation and the mother-child relationship quality (pattern of relatedness)
using Structural Equation Modeling. Emotion regulation, but not the pattern of relatedness, mediated the relation between
maltreatment and psychopathology. This mediation was moderated by the pattern of relatedness: For the group of children with
an insecure pattern of relatedness, maltreatment was related to lower levels of emotion regulation, which was predictive of
higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. In contrast, for the secure relatedness group, there was
no mediation by emotion regulation since the impact of maltreatment on emotion regulation was not significant. Implications
of the mediating role of emotion regulation and the buffering role of the mother-child relationship quality were discussed.
相似文献
Lenneke R. A. AlinkEmail: |
230.
This study examined the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), as an index of individual differences in emotion
regulation, and perception of other-blame, as a mechanism of anger induction. The physiological responses were recorded while
subjects read a story from a computer screen. The story narrated a negative event in self-referred way -dismissal from a job
as the result of a colleague’s action- under conditions of intentionality versus non-intentionality. Cognitive and emotional
variables were assessed by questionnaire immediately after the physiological test. The resulting structural model supports
the conclusion that HRV exerts its regulatory influence directly on perception of other-blame rather than on emotion. In situations
of intentionality, individuals with higher HRV make less extreme evaluation of the offender’s blame, versus those with lower
HRV, thus leading to a reduction in anger reaction. These results suggest that HRV is a direct index of cognitive rather than
emotional regulation. 相似文献