运动预防骨质疏松症的哲学思考

从运动角度对骨质疏松的防治进行哲学思考,指出在临床实践指导中,医务工作者要做到运动与骨质疏松者的有机结合,应从以下几个方面进行着手;（1）运动预防骨质疏松具有普遍性;（2）运动是预防骨质疏松的关键;（3）为骨质疏松患者,制定个体化运动方案。     

On the aesthetic potential of sports and physical education

Even though there is a general presence of aesthetics in school curricula in most of western countries, both at the level of terminology and at the level of choice and definition of contents, objectives and skills to be developed, the approach to sports and physical education potential for the development of aesthetic education of students still does not seem to be a reality in the agenda of this subject. Moreover, it is not transversal in terms of its different didactic contents. In order to explore its relevance, the aim of this work was to deepen how aesthetics is internal and central to sports experience, and which elements of sports and physical education lived experiences can be relevant in the promotion and development of the aesthetic sensibility of students. We propose the deepening of the subject through an hermeneutical qualitative research approach, confronting the content collected in 19 semi-structured interviews that enabled the thematic analysis of its content, and through it, the discussion of viewpoints of representative subjects among those that are the main players in the consideration of an aesthetic education through sport, namely physical education teachers and researchers in the context of aesthetics and sports sciences. With the information gathered and after its processing, we could conclude that there are aesthetic elements of sport's experience that should be taken into account in an aesthetic educational point of view of physical education, namely: complexity, diversity, playability, tension between drama and accuracy, overcoming experience, risk and vulnerability, unpredictable storylines and uncertainty, technique and effectiveness.     

A qualitative exploration of alcohol use among student sportspeople: A social identity perspective

Research indicates that university student sportspeople are a high‐risk subgroup for hazardous alcohol consumption. Adopting a social identity perspective, we explored the social and psychological processes linking sports participation and alcohol use. Twenty‐two individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with UK student sportspeople (male: 12; female: 10). A deductive thematic analysis identified three core themes: social identification and sports group membership, identity processes in (alcohol) behaviours and sport context‐specific significance of alcohol. Results suggest that the consumptive practices among student sportspeople were strategic activities underpinned by social identity processes, and which served to provide a positive sports experience at the group level. Our findings highlight the interactions between the sport environment, the social structure of sport participation and the multipurpose function of alcohol in this context. We discuss the implications of these results in support of a social identity approach to sport‐related drinking.     

Using a Naturalistic Sport Context to Train Social Skills in Children

ABSTRACT

Researchers have utilized sports activities to deliver social skills training (SST) programs to children. Using a multiple-baseline across behaviors design, we examined whether a brief SST program delivered during a soccer camp would increase social skills and athletic competencies. Each participant’s self-concept, and his interest in soccer were evaluated. Results suggest that the SST procedure effectively increased targeted social skills. Further, participants reported increased interest in soccer and higher overall self-concept. Our results suggest that similar effects can be achieved in a relatively short, but intense, camp that utilizes SST and sports-skill training components. Limitations and implications are discussed.     

A behavioral approach to coaching football: improving the play execution of the offensive backfield on a youth football team

Because of the emphasis on winning, the difficulties involved in assessing performance, and the lack of frequent and contingent reinforcement, a behavioral approach to coaching football was used. The players, all nine- or ten-year-old males, were members of an offensive backfield on a Pop Warner football team. Three frequently-run offensive plays were broken down into a series of five behaviorally defined stages, permitting construction of checklists suitable for observing the players during both game and scrimmage sessions. The intervention consisted of the presentation and explanation of the appropriate checklist, and frequent contingent reinforcement in the form of feedback and recognition for instances of desired play execution. Performance gains averaging 20% occurred for each of the three plays after, and not before, the staggered introduction of each intervention. The results suggest that behavioral specification and positive reinforcement of desired play execution is a viable approach to the coaching of football.     

运动竞赛焦虑量表中国常模的修订

运动竞赛焦虑量表是由美国的马腾斯专为运动员编制的特质焦虑量表。它是一种与特定的情境相结合的、能够有效地测出被测者通常在运动竞赛(或游戏)时焦虑水平的量表。我们在全国六大区十四个省市抽取了2,988名被试,修订了10—12岁(男、女),13—15岁(男、女),16—18岁(男、女)和19—25岁(男、女)的八个常模。同时,进行了效度和信度检验。本量表可以作为对业余的或专业的运动员进行运动竞赛焦虑的诊断与研究用。     

概化理论不同评分方案缺失数据方差分量估计

包含评分者侧面的测验通常不符合任意一种概化理论设计,因此从概化理论的角度来看这类测验下的数据应属于缺失数据,而决定缺失结构的就是测验的评分方案。用R软件模拟出三种评分方案下的数据,并比较传统法、评价法和拆分法在各评分方案下的估计效果,结果表明：（1）传统法估计准确性较差;（2）评分者一致性较高时,适宜用评价法进行估计;（3）拆分法的估计结果最准确,仅在固定评分者评分方案下需注意评分者与考生数量之比,该比值小于等于0.0047 时估计结果较为准确。     

《管子·内业》健身养生方法与西方体育文化观念探讨

利用文献资料研究法．对《管子·内业》健身养生方法和西方体育文化的内涵给予分析,发现两种不同体育文化形态虽然在价值观念上存在着“空间维度”和“时间维度”上差异,但无论是《内业》所论述的“精气养生”法,还是西方体育所崇敬的肉体健美法,其最终目标都是为促进人类的健康长寿和全面发展服务。     

运动损伤问题的心理学研究述评

体育运动中损伤的发生率日益增高,从心理学的角度研究运动损伤的发生和康复,具有重要的理论和实践价值。对近年来心理学研究运动损伤的理论模型、运动损伤变量的操作定义以及研究影响运动损伤发生和恢复的心理因素的视角进行了分析和讨论,从中揭示出现有的运动损伤理论模型存在的不足、不同运动损伤变量指标操作定义的优缺点以及用发展的观点看待影响运动损伤发生和恢复的心理因素的观点;并在此基础上,展望了未来运动损伤的心理学研究     

Motivated reasoning in the prediction of sports outcomes and the belief in the “hot hand”

The present paper explores the role of motivation to observe a certain outcome in people’s predictions, causal attributions, and beliefs about a streak of binary outcomes (basketball scoring shots). In two studies we found that positive streaks (points scored by the participants’ favourite team) lead participants to predict the streak’s continuation (belief in the hot hand), but negative streaks lead to predictions of its end (gambler’s fallacy). More importantly, these wishful predictions are supported by strategic attributions and beliefs about how and why a streak might unfold. Results suggest that the effect of motivation on predictions is mediated by a serial path via causal attributions to the teams at play and belief in the hot hand.