以中节指动脉弓为蒂逆行指动脉岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损

观察以中节指动脉弓为蒂逆行指动脉岛状皮瓣修复指端缺损的临床效果。对24例指端缺损的患者实行以中节指动脉弓为蒂逆行指动脉岛状皮瓣修复术。结果24例患者皮瓣全部成活,术后随访3个月~6个月,手指功能恢复良好。该手术操作简便,术后功能外观好,是修复指端特别是指腹皮肤软组织缺损的首选手术方法。     

画对儿童错误记忆影响的研究

用包括六个离奇的生活事件与六个填充事件对儿童进行测试,三个年龄组的结果表明:画组的儿童与没有画组的儿童相比,更容易说离奇的生活事件发生过,三个年龄组各自的结果没有出现未画事件的显著差异,但在三个年龄组各自的平均数检验中,发现了没有画的离奇生活事件在实验组后测中增长了,画的访谈技术不仅能提高儿童对事件的正确回忆量,同时也可导致错误量的增加。     

5～9岁儿童极限概念认知发展的实验研究

皮亚杰(1985)认为儿童非要到11或12岁时才能掌握极限的概念。这个观点十分让人感兴趣,然而在众多文献中却很难发现相关研究。本研究运用实验法研究了5、6、7、9四组儿童的极限概念。结果表明:儿童在极限概念的发展存在两个快速期,即5~6岁和6~7岁;5岁儿童处于极限概念萌芽状态,6岁儿童有了部分极限概念,7岁儿童极限概念有了进一步发展但不稳定;9岁儿童开始接近有了极限概念,但仍未到达完全理解。本研究结果支持了皮亚杰的相关观点。     

Consistent inter-individual differences in susceptibility to bodily illusions

Illusory senses of ownership and agency (that the hand or effector that we see belongs to us and moves at our will, respectively) support the embodiment of prosthetic limbs, tele-operated surgical devices, and human-machine interfaces. We exposed forty-eight individuals to four different procedures known to elicit illusory ownership or agency over a fake visible rubber hand or finger. The illusory ownership or agency arising from the hand correlated with that of the finger. For both body parts, sensory stimulation across different modalities (visual with tactile or visual with kinesthetic) produced illusions of similar strength. However, the strengths of the illusions of ownership and agency were unrelated within individuals, supporting the proposal that distinct neuropsychological processes underlie these two senses. Developing training programs to enhance susceptibility to illusions of agency or ownership for people with lower natural susceptibility could broaden the usefulness of the above technologies.     

Cognitive Processing of Drawing Abilities

This critical review examines constructional apraxia from a cognitive neuropsychological perspective. To our knowledge, van Sommers (1989) is the only researcher to present a global cognitive model of drawing abilities. He organizes it into two hierarchical systems: Marr's model of visual perception and a graphic production system. The latter comprises four hierarchically organized components: depiction decisions, production strategy, contingent planning, and articulatory and economic constraints. Van Sommers' model will be discussed in light of other models and on the basis of empirical neuropsychological studies (Farah, 1984; Kosslyn & Koenig, 1992; Roncato, Sartori, Masterson, & Rumiati, 1987; van Sommers, 1989). We find that: (1) the Kosslyn and Koenig visual perception model describes more accurately the perceptual components underlying copying than the visual perception system of van Sommers' drawing model, (2) Van Sommers' arguments in favor of a depiction processing as opposed to visual imagery are not convincing, (3) Van Sommers' assumption that a production strategy is a component is unclear, and (4) articulatory and economic constraints are not cognitive components, but constraints imposed during action programming. This literature review leads to a discussion of future research topics and the specificity of constructional apraxia.     

Neonatal finger and arm movements as determined by a social and an object context

What kind of hand and finger movements are newborn infants preoccupied with, and how are these movements organized and controlled? These questions were studied in two experiments under three conditions: a social condition, in which the mother (in expt 1) or the experimenter (in expt 2) sat face to face with the infant; an object condition, in which a ball moving slowly and irregularly was presented to the infant; and a baseline condition (in expt 1) without ball or mother present. The size of the ball and the distance to it was chosen so that it approximately corresponded to the visual angle of the head of the model. Twenty-six neonates participated in the study ranging from 2 to 6 days of age at the time of observation. All infants were in an alert, optimal awake state during the experiments. The infants' finger movements were scored from video recordings. The result revealed a large variety of relatively independent finger movements. It was found that finger movements differed both in quantity and quality between the three conditions. There were many more finger movements in the social condition than in the object and baseline conditions. In addition, there were relatively more transitional finger movements and flexions of the hand in the social condition, and relatively more thumb-index finger activity and extensions of the hand in the object condition. Finally, the arms were more often forward extended in the object condition than in the social condition. The results support the notion that neonates show different modes of functioning towards people and objects.     

再论儿童绘画中空间概念基线的发展

作者曾在1988年《心理科学通讯》第3期上发表“对三至六岁幼儿绘画中空间概念基线问题的探讨”一文。现在这篇文章进一步肯定了前文得到的初步结论,同时论证了儿童绘画中空间概念基线发展的具体过程。     

Frequent Assessment of Negative Symptoms Does Not Induce Depressed Mood

Use of real-time data collection is rapidly expanding in the medical sciences and questions have been raised as to whether frequent ratings of disease symptoms could evoke depressed mood. This study investigated the effect of an intensive momentary assessment protocol on depressed mood. Community rheumatology patients (N = 105) were recruited to participate in a 30-day momentary assessment protocol of pain and fatigue. Patients were randomly signaled and completed approximately 6 ratings per day and at bedtime. Beck Depression Inventory-II scores were obtained prior to and at the completion of the protocol. Thirty-six percent of patients were classified initially as mild to severely depressed, and 31% percent at the end of the protocol. Depression scores were significantly lower following the protocol (p < .001). Whereas 10% of patients shifted into a more depressed category at the end of the protocol, 20% shifted into a less depressed category. These findings suggest frequent assessment of pain and fatigue may not induce depressed mood, and may in some instances be associated with a small reduction in depressed mood.     

Emergence of representational activity during the early drawing stage: process analysis

This study analyzed the process underlying the emergence of representational drawing. Eighty-seven children aged 1–3 years were asked to color or draw either a simple picture (P) or a contour for an object (DC) in a shared task. After that, they were asked to draw their mother on a blank sheet of paper in a no drawn contour task (NC). Whereas 1½- and 2-year-olds were more successful in the P task than in the DC task, the 2½- and 3-year-olds were successful in both. The 2-year-olds were better in the DC than the NC task. The results show that 1½- and 2-year-olds can extract the component parts of a drawing even though they cannot produce them and children over 2½ years old can organize these components into a drawing by themselves. These findings indicate that representational drawing is based on the extraction of the component parts and the acquisition of the drawing ability to combine the parts into a drawing and that the beginnings of representational drawing are found in 1½- and 2-year-old children.     

断指再植适应症的选择及其启示

从临床角度,简述我院断指再植适应症随着医疗技术的发展在不断的认识和提高,指出了提高断指再植救治成功率,首先要规范手术适应症,并从这一启示改进和完善断指病人的治疗措施。