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131.
Daniel David Aurelian Bizo Alina Ioana Cimpean Horea Oltean Roxana Cardos Radu Soflau 《The Journal of social psychology》2018,158(3):379-392
Stereotype Content Model (SCM) emphasizes the content rather than the underlying processes of the stereotypes and the content might be influenced by several cultural dimensions (e.g., individualism vs. collectivism). The main dimensions of SCM—namely warmth and competence—underlying various contents are assumed to be universal. However, from a cognitive science paradigm, we argue that different research methods (i.e., data collections and data analysis) might also yield different stereotype contents that might impact the universality versus specificity problem in the SCM. Indeed, using a sample from a collectivistic country (i.e., Romania), we found that using different methods in data collection (i.e., unstructured vs. semi-structured vs. structured interview) and different methods of data analysis (i.e., availability vs. accessibility scores) might be an important research strategy to counter artefacts and confusions in the universality versus specificity problem related to the SCM. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
132.
Mark S. Salzer 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2000,10(2):123-137
Expansion of policies aimed at empowering disenfranchised groups, for example, resident/tenant participation in public housing, have been greeted with a great deal of enthusiasm. However, negative beliefs about the intelligence, ability, and morality of these groups, may interfere with the implementation of these policies. A greater understanding of social perceptions may lead to interventions that diminish interference. Traditional stereotyping research methods rely on trait conceptualizations that have been criticized as inadequate to fully describe social perceptions. This study examines the utility of a narrative approach to studying stereotypes about public housing residents. A group of college students (authors) wrote stories about a public housing resident and described the resident using trait objectives. Two readers, one given the story and the other the trait list, predicted how the author responded on various public housing belief and attitude instruments. Results indicate that stories and traits convey unique information not expressed by the other and offer preliminary support for the added usefulness, especially contextual information, of a narrative framework for studying stereotypes. The relevance of a narrative approach for understanding how stereotypes may undermine empowerment-based policies, in this case tenant participation in public housing, will also be explored. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
133.
134.
Timothy R. Johnson 《Psychometrika》2007,72(4):489-504
In this paper I present a class of discrete choice models for ordinal response variables based on a generalization of the
stereotype model. The stereotype model can be derived and generalized as a random utility model for ordered alternatives.
Random utility models can be specified to account for heteroscedastic and correlated utilities. In the case of the generalized
stereotype model this includes category-specific random effects due to individual differences in response style. But unlike
standard random utility models the generalized stereotype model is better suited for ordinal response variables and can be
interpreted as a kind of unidimensional unfolding model. This paper discusses the specification, interpretation, identification,
and estimation of generalized stereotype models. Two applications are provided for illustration.
This paper benefited significantly from the comments and suggestions of the editor, associate editor, and three anonymous
reviewers. It is dedicated to my late colleague, peer, and friend Bradley D. Crouch. 相似文献
135.
The present study explored self-perceptions and meta-stereotypes along two dimensions, individuation and sociability, within a sample of Asian American and European American students. For both ethnic groups, meta-stereotypes in dimensions of individuation and sociability appear to be exaggerated forms of self-perceptions along these dimensions. Both Asian and European Americans distinguish between self-perceptions of sociability and individuation, showing that sociability and individuation are two independent constructs. Asian Americans, however, perceived that others who expect a certain level of sociability from their ethnic group would also expect the same level of individuation. Implications of these findings for the perpetuation of Asian stereotypes are discussed. 相似文献
136.
广告中性别刻板印象信息的内隐效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
尝试采用以图片为实验材料及不同步骤的IAT程序测量广告中性别刻板印象的内隐效应及其操作强度,结果表明:(1)广告中的性别刻板印象具有很强的内隐效应;(2)高刻板化程度者具有更强的内隐性别刻板效应;(3)当刺激材料为图片时,不同的IAT程序测得的内隐性别刻板效应不同。 相似文献
137.
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi Andrea Corsonello Luigi Trojano Claudio Pedone Domenico Acanfora Aldo Spada Gianni D’Addio Roberto Maestri Franco Rengo Giuseppe Rengo 《Brain and cognition》2009
We studied 54 patients with hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Mini Mental State Examination and the Mental Deterioration Battery were used for neuropsychological assessment. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed based on 24-h Holter ECG recording. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare HRV parameters of patients performing normally or abnormally on individual neuropsychological tasks. Spearman’s rho was used to investigate the correlations between HRV parameters and neuropsychological scores, indexes of health status or COPD severity. Patients with defective performance at copying drawings with landmarks (CDL) test (N = 23) had lower very low frequency (VLF) power with respect to patients with normal performance (N = 31) (24 h: median 213; interquartile range 120–282 vs. 309; 188–431 ms2, p = 0.043; daytime: 202; 111–292 vs. 342; 194–397 ms2, p = 0.039). The CDL score correlated with the VLF power (24 h: ρ = 0.27, p = 0.049; daytime: ρ = 0.30, p = 0.028), and the normalized low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (24 h: ρ = 0.27, p = 0.05; daytime: ρ = 0.33, p = 0.015). Sympathetic modulation decreased for increasing severity of COPD. In conclusion, drawing impairment correlates with depressed sympathetic modulation in patients with COPD, and both might be indexes of COPD severity. 相似文献
138.
Linn-Heidi Lunde Inger Hilde Nordhus Ståle Pallesen 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(3):254-262
This study provides a meta-analytic review of cognitive and behavioural interventions for chronic pain in the elderly, focusing
on treatment effectiveness. Included in the analysis are studies in which a comparison was made either to a control condition
or to pre-treatment. A total of 12 outcome studies published or reported between January 1975 and March 2008, were identified
involving participants 60 years and above and providing 16 separate treatment interventions. The analysis indicated that cognitive
and behavioural interventions were effective on self-reported pain experience, yielding an overall effect size of 0.47. However,
there were no significant effects of cognitive and behavioural treatment on symptoms of depression, physical functioning and
medication use. Methodological issues concerning design, outcome measures and treatment are discussed and recommendations
for future studies are outlined. 相似文献
139.
Wesley G. Moons Diana J. Leonard Eliot R. Smith 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):760-769
According to Intergroup Emotions Theory people categorized as group members experience the emotions of their ingroup as a consequence of that membership. Four experiments showed that participants converged toward what they believed to be their specific ingroup’s distinct emotional experience when reporting emotions as group members, but not when reporting emotions as individuals. Such self-stereotyping of ingroup emotions occurred for an experimentally fabricated ingroup as well as a range of naturally occurring groups. Demonstrating the roots of this process in categorization, self-stereotyping was increased when motivations to affiliate were amplified and was moderated by ingroup identification. The adoption of ingroup emotions changed participants’ cognitive processing in a predictable way, demonstrating that emotional self-stereotyping involved the experience rather than merely the expression of group-based emotions. Self-stereotyping of ingroup emotions is thus one mechanism by which group-based emotions are shared and can be changed. 相似文献
140.