走出慢性乙型、丙型病毒性肝炎诊断的误区

我国病毒性肝炎是一个非常重要的肝病,病毒性肝炎的诊断不仅依靠临床表现,肝功能指标的改变,也依赖于病毒标志物的检测。病毒血清学检查是确定诊断的唯一标准。乙、丙、丁型病毒性肝炎的血清标志物项目繁多,临床意义相差较大,正确理解能为诊断提供很大帮助。     

通过打破抗原特异性T细胞免疫耐受控制慢性HBV感染

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染诱导机体抗病毒免疫应答,若不能对病毒有效清除,体内抗原特异的CTL降低,出现抗原特异性T细胞免疫耐受,造成慢性肝脏炎症。分析HBV感染时抗原特异性T细胞免疫耐受机制,并通过打破免疫耐受预防HBV感染。     

慢性乙型肝炎合并妊娠患者的抗病毒治疗

母婴垂直传播是我国乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的主要传播方式,新生儿标准的主动一被动免疫即高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白联合乙肝疫苗大大降低了母婴垂直传播的比例,但母体高HBVDNA水平可以增加胎儿宫内感染HBV的风险,导致HBV母婴垂直传播。因此,妊娠期抗病毒治疗尤为关键。计划妊娠的育龄期的慢性乙型肝炎患者应尽可能在妊娠前完成抗...     

SKINNER AS MISSIONARY AND PROPHET: A REVIEW OF BURRHUS F. SKINNER: SHAPER OF BEHAVIOUR

Do we need another book about B. F. Skinner? According to Frederick Toates, the answer is “yes” because “there is still much to be said” (p. vii) about Skinner. In his recent biography, Burrhus F. Skinner: Shaper of Behaviour (2009), Toates attempts to integrate Skinner into the mainstream of psychology by showing areas of commonality between Skinner''s radical behaviorism and subdisciplines within psychology such as cognitive, social, and biological psychology. Admirably, although in some instances understandably naively, Toates attempts to demonstrate the power of positive reinforcement to explain myriad complex behaviors, including a fairly lengthy interpretation of religious behavior. In addition, Toates credits Skinner for being ahead of his time on both social and environmental issues. Toates falters, however, in his insistence that behavior analysis still needs and can benefit from cognitive concepts. He nevertheless provides an otherwise objective and sympathetic view of Skinner the person and the behavioral science he helped to create in a book that should be informative for both behavior analysts and those outside the field.     

丙戊酸增强人罗同巢癌耐药细胞株COC1／DDP对顺铂敏感性的研究

探讨丙戊酸是否增强COC1/DDP对顺铂的敏感性并初步探讨其机制。采用WST-1、流式细胞术、免疫细胞化学法。结果丙戊酸与顺铂联合对细胞生长抑制和凋亡诱导明显强于顺铂组;NF-κB P65的表达量顺铂组高于对照组,联合组明显低于顺铂组。因此,丙戊酸增强COC1/DDP对顺铂的敏感性,且与NF-κB有关。     

In Defence of Constructive Empiricism: Maxwell’s Master Argument and Aberrant Theories

Over the past years, in books and journals (this journal included), N. Maxwell launched a ferocious attack on B. C. van Fraassen’s view of science called Constructive Empiricism (CE). This attack has been totally ignored. Must we conclude from this silence that no defence is possible and that a fortiori Maxwell has buried CE once and for all? Or is the attack too obviously flawed as not to merit exposure? A careful dissection of Maxwell’s reasoning will make it clear that neither is the case. This dissection includes an analysis of Maxwell’s ‘aberrance–argument’ (omnipresent in his many writings) for the claim that science implicitly and permanently accepts a substantial, metaphysical thesis about the universe, which then paves the way for his own metaphysical-realist hierarchy-view of science. This aberrance-claim, which Maxwell directs against a widely shared and harmful ideology of science called ‘Standard Empiricism’, generally has been ignored too, for more than a quarter of a century. Our conclusions will be that (i) Maxwell’s attacks on CE can be beaten off, and (ii) his ‘aberrance–arguments’ do not establish what Maxwell believes they establish, but (iii) we can draw a number of valuable lessons from these attacks about the nature of science and of the libertarian nature of CE.     

The Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior at fifty

The Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior was founded in 1958 by a group of male psychologists, mainly from the northeastern USA and connected with either Harvard or Columbia. Fifty years later about 20% of both editors and authors reside outside this country and almost the same proportion is made up of women. Other changes in the journal include having its own website for more than a decade and now publishing online as well as on paper. A recent connection with PubMed Central of the National Library of Medicine has made possible the completely free electronic presentation of the entire archive of about 3,800 articles.     

Loss aversion and perceptual risk aversion

We prove that, in cumulative prospect theory, the weak loss aversion for S-shaped value functions is equivalent to a notion of risk aversion that we define from the perceptual point of view. No additional assumption or condition on the probability distortion is needed. It is demonstrated that a power S-shaped value function does not satisfy weak loss aversion, i.e., a decision maker is risk seeking with respect to some mixed sign lotteries.     

乙肝抗病毒治疗存在的问题及其对策

对乙肝的治疗,抗病毒是核心和关键,但抗病毒治疗自身存在着诸多问题:费用高、疗程长、疗效有限、治疗时机和条件难以掌控;药物有潜在或者明确的不良反应;医患认知不足;疗效评价极端化;治疗中不可预测因素的干扰等。通过细致的分析,探讨了乙肝治疗中的难点,并针对这些问题和难点就未来乙肝的治疗提出了一些有益的建议。