对"心理学危机论"的再思考

要判定心理学是否面临危机,首先应对危机加以界定,然后以此为基础分析心理学是否具有危机的种种特征或迹象。从当前情况看,主流心理学确定存在着危机。要消除危机,应找回并保持心理学的独特性,注重心理学的学科价值,把实证研究与理论研究结合起来,加强心理学的整合。     

Crisis Management: Looking Back to Look Forward

Alexander George made a seminal contribution to theories of preventive diplomacy, crisis management, deterrence, and coercive diplomacy. Although he made his contribution in the highly structured environment of the Cold War, his analysis of the close connections between positive and negative inducements, the importance of interests in shaping outcomes, and the dangers of threat-based strategies as substitutes for policy speaks to the central challenges of contemporary global politics.     

Economic Disadvantage in Complex Family Systems: Expansion of Family Stress Models

Economic disadvantage is associated with multiple risks to early socioemotional development. This article reviews research regarding family stress frameworks to model the pathways from economic disadvantage to negative child outcomes via family processes. Future research in this area should expand definitions of family and household to incorporate diversity and instability. This expansion would be particularly relevant for research among low-income ethnic minority families and families with young children. This line of research would highlight specific pathways to target to prevent the onset of early parental and child dysfunction.     

进化心理学视角下经济压力对女性择偶偏好影响研究

摘 要 择偶是婚姻过程中一个非常重要的环节,女性择偶是近年来研究的热门话题。本研究从进化心理学的择偶理论出发,研究女性在经济压力之下的择偶偏好。研究用实验的方法,结果表明（1）女性在经济压力之下,更青睐具有“好资源”的男性（2）对照组女性在外显测量的情况下往往表示更喜欢男性的“好爸爸”特质,而在阈下测量时,无论哪一组的女性都更重视男性的社会经济地位。研究结果表明,女性择偶时普遍更重视资源线索,在经济压力之下,这种择偶偏好更加明显。     

SHORES: A Practical Mnemonic for Suicide Protective Factors

Guidelines for addressing and managing client suicide risk include discussing and conceptualizing protective factors. Counselors should be able to recall and discuss suicide protective factors that are applicable across client populations. SHORES, a suicide protective factors mnemonic that is supported by the literature, has applications for risk assessment and crisis intervention across settings, preventative care, strengths‐based management, and counselor training. A case example and discussion serve to illustrate the wide‐ranging application of SHORES in counseling practice.     

Breast Cancer and the Descent: The Loss and Return of Spring

This article approaches breast cancer as an initiation into a healing process that provides the opportunity for the transformation of a basic fault in the personality. Breast cancer will be approached as a metaphor alerting one to a crises of interiority, a loss of connection to ones inner dimension and ones feminine consciousness. This metaphor contains both the loss of the connection and the possibility of its recovery. The process involves a velocity of descent very difficult to endure; it involves a profound and accelerated unraveling of the rationality that previously served as a container stabilizing the ego. The perilousness of the descent imagery reflects the precipitousness of this unraveling. The precipitous descent is seen as an attempt of the soul to heal and reintegrate the personality by revisiting and illuminating a space abandoned long ago. The integration of this part of the personality results in a return of generativity, energy, and creativity.     

“Beyond Frontiers of Traditional Project Management”: The Concept of “Project Management Second Order (PM-2)” as an Approach of Evolutionary Management

Fundamental changes in sciences offer new perspectives for the management of complexity. Increased complexity in society, economics, and technology requires a new and suitable organization and management. What are the consequences and results for project management? That is the theme of this article. First of all it will given a short introduction to project management, which will be later called “traditional project management” or “project management 1st order (PM-1).” Then, the challenges by the fundamental changes in sciences and the increased complexity in society, economics, and technology will be discussed. It will state that traditional project management cannot solve these challenges. The widespread working-themes and results of the research program “Beyond Frontiers of Traditional Project Management” as an answer to these challenges will be presented at a glance. Subsequently, it will discuss some selected results of the research program:

• The principle-definition and foundation of “Evolution of 1st and 2nd Order.”

• The Evolution of 1st Order and the impact on Project Management methods and processes.

• Evolution of 2nd Order and the Grand Evolutionary Systems Theory (GEST) of E. Laszlo as also the impact on Project Management methods and processes.

• Management of crisis: turn a change to advantage or risk-assurance?

Thereafter, the concept of “Project Management Second Order (PM-2)” is presented as a highlighted result of the research program, as a new paradigm in project management, and as an answer to the challenges, described earlier will be explained in detail. Finally, a real example of transfer evolutionary and self-organizational management principles in a real project life will be demonstrated.     

Social evolution and the planetary crisis

This article provides perspective on today's planetary crisis by seeing it as a transition within the larger picture of human social evolution. There are certain ground qualities that were present at the beginnings of our social evolution—natural living, belonging, vitality, community, equality. Over the span of human history certain emergent qualities have developed to give us greater power in the world—technology, social organization, rational thinking. However, in developing these qualities we have suppressed the ground qualities, at the expense of our health and wholeness and now leading to a profound crisis. The next step in social evolution is to take conscious charge of our future by integrating the ground qualities with the emergent qualities. This model of social evolution helps to extend and deepen the concept of general evolution, giving us a broad view of our place in human and cosmic evolution.     

Belief System Disintegration: Evolutionary Insights from Bergman’s Det sjunde inseglet

Paradigm transitions come with tremendous risk, as societies can come undone when people stop believing in the imaginary constructs that unite us. The Black Plague’s devastation resulted not only from its lethality, but from how its ensuing crisis in faith triggered evolved cognitive systems that lead to tribalism, self-destructive despair, and attacks on authorities and minorities. This article examines Bergman’s film through the lens of evolutionary theory to illustrate the mechanisms that cause people to wreck havoc when we no longer share a vision for the future. The crisis of the 1300s has been compared to challenges we face today.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Crisis resolution and home treatment teams (CRHT) are integral to acute psychiatric services. This survey quantifies staff burnout using the MBI-HSS (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and notes sources of stress and satisfaction before (2012) and after (2013) service transformation of a CRHT in Leeds into a single point of access, with home treatment devolved to community teams. Moderate to high Burnout scores were observed over the study period, with a rise in the mean depersonalisation score from 5.8 to 7.2 over the study period. Contact with colleagues; work with patients and variety of work emerged as rewarding while themes of suicide and violence were most linked with stress, with clinicians reporting self-doubt in the face of difficult clinical decisions. Clinicians positively rated a weekly psychoanalytic reflective practice group. A pictorial representation of qualitative results uses psychoanalytic theory inconceptualising ‘skins’ around various aspects of the clinical setting, which then become semipermeable in response to a patient in crisis when clinicians feel poorly supported by the changing organisation.