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81.
The study investigated the effects of writing and self-help information on severity of psychological symptoms in traumatic injury patients at risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients attending Accident and Emergency (A & E), were screened for Acute Stress Disorder and randomised to an information control group (n = 36) or a writing and information group (n = 31). Participants in both groups received an information booklet one-month post-injury. Participants in the writing group also wrote about emotional aspects of their trauma during three 20-min sessions, five to six weeks post-injury. Psychological assessments were completed within one month and at three and six months post-injury. There were significant improvements on measures of anxiety, depression and PTSD over time. Differences between groups on these measures were not statistically significant. However, subjective ratings of the usefulness of writing were high. In conclusion, the results do not currently support the use of writing as a targeted early intervention technique for traumatic injury patients at risk of developing PTSD. 相似文献
82.
Individual differences in creativity across the lifespan have been identified, but little research has focused on the development of creativity during early adolescence. This project examined individual differences on two measures of creativity in early adolescence as well as the predictability of adolescent creativity from pretend play behaviors during the preschool years. Realistic role‐play behavior was assessed at age 5 for 127 children who later completed two creative thinking tasks (TCT‐DP and the Alternative Uses Measure) when the children were 10–15 years of age. Realistic role‐play when the children were age 5 significantly predicted their scores during early adolescence on the Alternative Uses Measure but not the TCT‐DP. Significant sex differences were found for amount of time engaged in realistic role‐play at age 5 and performance on the TCT‐DP, with girls engaging in more role‐play at age 5 and scoring higher on the TCT‐DP during early adolescence than boys. No sex differences were observed for the Alternative Uses Measure. These results suggest that preschool role‐play behaviors represent early creativity and are tapping aspects of creativity development that are manifested in early adolescence. 相似文献
83.
Anna-Lind Petursdottir Kristen McMaster Jennifer J. McComas Tracy Bradfield Viveca Braganza Julie Koch-McDonald Roxana Rodriguez Haley Scharf 《Journal of School Psychology》2009,47(4):215-243
The purpose of this study was to investigate how brief experimental analyses (BEAs) could be used to identify effective interventions for Kindergartners (2 girls and 2 boys, 5 years and 7-10 months old) with low performance and/or growth slope in letter sound fluency (LSF). Interventions were tested within a multielement design with brief mini-reversals until an intervention yielding at least 20% improvement on a specific subskill measure or a curriculum-based measure of LSF was identified. BEA-identified interventions were implemented one-on-one for 5 to 9 weeks. A multiple-baseline design across participants showed large intervention effects (average adjusted d = 2.4) on general outcome measures, supporting treatment validity of BEAs. Findings extend the BEA literature to younger participants, early reading interventions, and early reading measures. 相似文献
84.
This study utilized cross-lagged longitudinal models to examine prospective, bidirectional relationships between witnessing
violence and victimization and three adjustment variables—delinquency, conduct problems, and school connectedness. Participants
included 603 early adolescent boys and girls (78% African American, 20% Caucasian). Witnessing violence was related to subsequent
lower levels of school connectedness and more conduct problems. For Caucasian but not African American adolescents, witnessing
violence also predicted later delinquency. Victimization was linked with lower school connectedness over time, and for boys
but not girls also with more conduct problems. Only adolescent delinquency was associated with subsequent witnessing violence
and victimization.
This research was partially supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant No. R49–CCR418569. 相似文献
85.
Elizabeth M. McCarroll Eric W. Lindsey Carol MacKinnon-Lewis Jessica Campbell Chambers James M. Frabutt 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):473-485
We examined associations between children’s health status and the quality of their peer relationships, as well as factors
that may account for individual variation in the quality of chronically ill and healthy children’s peer relationships. Our
sample included 268 children (138 boys; 130 girls) with 149 European-Americans and 119 African-Americans. There were 91 children
with a chronic illness; 35 with asthma, 26 with diabetes, and 30 with obesity. Chronically ill children were characterized
by teachers as displaying less prosocial behavior, less overt aggression, and less relational aggression with peers than healthy
children. Chronically ill children reported lower levels of peer contact and higher levels of social anxiety than healthy
children. Among chronically ill children those with high self-esteem were more prosocial and less aggressive than those with
low self-esteem. Our findings suggest that chronically ill children are at risk for peer relationship difficulties, but that
self-esteem may serve as a protective factor against poor peer relationships for some chronically ill children. 相似文献
86.
87.
Tiffany Field Nitza Vega-Lahr Frank Scafidi Sheri Goldstein 《Infant behavior & development》1986,9(4)
To determine the differential effects of maternal emotional and physical unavailability on infant interaction behavior, 4-month-old infants were subjected to the mothers' still-face and to a brief separation from the mother. Although the infants became more negative and agitated during both conditions, the still-face was more stressful. 相似文献
88.
Altruism, defined here as a regard for or devotion to the interest of others with whom we are interrelated, is pitted against two other dispositions in human beings: nepotism and egoism. We propose that to become fully human is to become more altruistic. We describe how altruism is mediated by our physiology, is expressed in our psychological development, is evolving in our social institutions, and becomes the moral communities that enforce our sense of right and wrong. A change in any one of these influences changes our disposition—changes who we are and what we do—potentially making altruism more possible in the world. 相似文献
89.
This study tested a model examining the impact that early affiliative memories (both with family and peers) on eating psychopathology, and whether these links are carried by the mechanisms of external shame and body image-related perfectionistic self-presentation, in a sample of 480 female college students. Path analyses’ results revealed that this model accounted for 48% of disordered eating’s variance and suggests that the lack of early positive emotional memories is associated with higher levels of shame (feelings of inferiority and unattractiveness), and with higher tendency to adopt body image-related perfectionistic strategies, that seem to explain excessive eating concern and rigid control of one’s eating behaviors. This study offers important insights for future research and for the development of intervention programs, by revealing the importance of assessing and targeting shame and perfectionistic strategies and suggesting the importance of promoting adaptive emotion regulation strategies. 相似文献
90.
Sofie Rousseau Miri Scharf Yael Smith 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2018,15(4):378-394
Middle childhood is considered a sensitive phase for the development of both dependency and achievement-related problems. In order to target efficient prevention and treatment, it is necessary to identify unique associations with possible precursors. This study hypothesized that children’s dependency-related problems (i.e., separation anxiety and generalized anxiety) would uniquely relate to parental dependency-oriented psychological control and that children’s achievement-related problems (i.e., extrinsic motivation and maladaptive perfectionism) would uniquely relate to parental achievement-oriented psychological control. The study included 180 elementary school children. Results showed that higher levels of children’s separation anxiety uniquely related to more parental dependency-oriented psychological control, while higher levels of children’s extrinsic motivation uniquely related to more parental achievement-oriented psychological control. Contrary to the expectations, higher levels of children’s maladaptive perfectionism were associated with both dimensions of parental psychological control, and children’s generalized anxiety was not associated with any dimension. Study implications are discussed. 相似文献