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171.
Co‐creating knowledge takes a new approach to human phenotypic morality as a biologically based, human lineage specific (HLS) trait. Authors from very different backgrounds (anthropology and biology, on the one hand, and astronomy, philosophy, and theology, on the other) first review research on the nature and origins of morality using the social brain network, and studies of individuals who cannot “know good” or think morally because of brain dysfunction. They find these models helpful but insufficient, and turn to paleoanthropology, cognitive science, and neuroscience to understand human moral capacity and its origins long ago, in the genus Homo. An unusual narrative capturing “morality in action” takes the reader back 900,000 years, and then the authors analyze the essential features of moral thinking and behavior as expressed by early and later species on our lineage. In what has primarily been the province of philosophers to date, the authors’ morality model is presented for further scientific testing. 相似文献
172.
Qi Zhang 《Cognitive Systems Research》2005,6(4):320-332
This article, using a counter as an example, explores a novel approach in constructing a cognitive system. The system is a paired memory system of “left and right brain” consisting of a number of memory units. The “left brain” is dedicated to the cognitive process of symbols, and the “right brain” to the representation of the symbols. The left and right subsystems are connected by bundles of internal communication signals. The paired memory system can learn facts and generalize concepts. Its cognitive capability is realized through the communication among these memory units at different cognitive levels within the system. The key claims in this paper are supported by empirical findings and theoretical principles. An AI counter is built and demonstrated in terms of concept learning and responding. 相似文献
173.
Three patterns of mutual intimate partner violence (IPV) are proposed, based on frequency and severity: Male primary perpetrator
(MPP), female primary perpetrator (FPP), and symmetrical (SYM). Patterns and effects of ethnicity were examined with 445 African
American, Euro-American, and Mexican American low-income women experiencing mutual IPV. More relationships were classified
as MPP (54%) than SYM (35%) or FPP (11%). Comparing women's and men's perpetration of several types of IPV (e.g., threats,
severe physical) indicated MPP-pattern women experienced all IPV types more often and were more likely to sustain injury than
their male partners. Fewer gender differences were found in the FPP pattern. Racial/ethnic groups were more similar than different;
previously reported differences may be explained by variation in socioeconomic status.
The larger part of the study was funded by grant R49/CCR610508 from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, awarded to the third author. This article was also made possible by grant
2001-WT-BX-0504 from the National Institute of Justice awarded to the first and third authors. These agencies are not responsible
for the results. Portions of this paper were presented by the first and third authors at the International Family Violence
Conference in Portsmouth, NH, July, 2003. 相似文献
174.
《史记·高祖功臣侯者年表》序中的“汉兴……户口可得而数者十二三”这句话,是关于汉初人口状况的最早记载。对这句话的不同理解,影响到人们对汉初人口数量及其他相关历史问题的看法。学界对于这句话有着多种理解。本文认为司马迁此语,应当仅是针对汉初朝廷直接控制区内的户口而言,当时占去最富庶的东、南半壁江山的诸侯王国,是被排除在外的。 相似文献
175.
176.
心、脑科学与医学人道主义价值观 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
兰礼吉 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2004,25(8):33-34
当今,心、脑科学的研究进展及成果极大支持了科学的医学人道主价值观应当以正确认识、把握、运用脑模式科学假说为基础的观点.试从意识的本质、医学人道价值观的机制、与价值相关的医者心灵的自我控制和意志自由等三个方面探讨心、脑科学同医学实践中的医学人道价值观的关系. 相似文献
177.
颅脑手术戒毒的哲学与伦理思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
颅脑手术戒毒这项新的医疗技术在社会上引起很大反响,最近被卫生部紧急叫停.从颅脑手术戒毒的历史、存在的问题、哲学及伦理方面进行反思是有必要的.把一项临床科研项目直接变换成一项临床服务项目,既未经严格科学论证也不符合伦理与法规要求. 相似文献
178.
新的人身损害赔偿司法解释对医疗行业的影响及医疗行业的对策 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
新的人身损害赔偿司法解释将于2004年5月1日正式施行.预计将引起医疗纠纷诉讼大量增加,且多以医疗侵权为诉因,医疗机构的赔偿费用也会大幅上升.医疗行业应从减少医疗过失,改善医患关系,完善医疗事故鉴定等方面加以应对. 相似文献
179.
意识和无意识活动的脑区能态理论 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文在脑的四个功能系统学说的基础上,提出脑区能态理论,研究有意识、无意识和潜意识。讨论有意识、无意识、潜意识的脑机制,指出有意识、无意识、潜意识的统一性。 相似文献
180.