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991.
Stefano Micali 《Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology》2018,49(2):156-170
This paper analyses the déjà-vu experience in order to deepen the understanding of the complex nature of time-consciousness from a phenomenological point of view. The paper is divided into two sections: the first section focuses on Bergson’s research on déjà vu in order to assess the validity of his position; the second section describes a specific form of déjà-vu experience from a phenomenological perspective. This investigation will question the widespread assumption according to which déjà vu should be conceived as a disturbance of the memory of the past. On the contrary, the author shows that the disturbance primarily pertains to the dimension of the future. In order to understand this phenomenon, it is necessary to focus on the coherent deformation of the immediate expectation of the imminent future. 相似文献
992.
Intertemporal decision making involves decisions that have consequences that span several periods of time and often extend far into the future. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and highlight the differences associated with different evaluation methods designed to cope with the long-term impacts of a decision including discounting. The concepts and ideas are illustrated in the context of a decision about a nuclear waste facility. We show how applying different discounting methodologies can greatly affect the decision made, especially over long time periods. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
994.
Sharan B. Merriam Bradley C. Courtenay Patricia M. Reeves 《Journal of Adult Development》2001,8(3):173-182
Although adult development is commonly understood as change over time, the relationship between time and development is rarely highlighted in research in the field. This paper first reviews 3 dimensions of time that interact in the study of developmental processes in the life course. The 3 dimensions are historical time; chronological age or life time; and social time, the culturally-specific, systematic ordering of life events. Second, the paper utilizes data from a follow-up study of HIV-positive men and women to illustrate the importance of time in development. In the original study, an HIV-positive diagnosis was viewed as a death sentence and had the effect of suspending the normal developmental patterns of adult life. Two years later, with the advent of protease inhibitors—an event in historical time—participants had reengaged with life time, once again making social time a relevant factor in their development. These data demonstrate how a better understanding of adult development can be achieved when historical time, life time, and social time are moved center stage in the study of developmental processes. 相似文献
995.
How U.S. Children and Adolescents Spend Time: What It Does (and Doesn't) Tell Us About Their Development 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Reed W. Larson 《Current directions in psychological science》2001,10(5):160-164
Young people develop as "the sum of past experiences," and data on their time use are one means of quantifying those experiences. U.S. children and adolescents spend dramatically less time than in the agrarian past in household and income-generating labor. Because such labor is usually repetitive and unchallenging, this reduction has probably not deprived youths of crucial developmental experience. The schoolwork replacing this time has a clearer relationship to developmental outcomes. American teens, however, spend less time on schoolwork than teens in other industrialized countries. American teenagers have more discretionary time, much spent watching television or interacting with friends; spending large amounts of time in these activities is related to negative developmental outcomes. Increasing amounts of young people's discretionary time, however, appear to be spent in structured voluntary activities, like arts, sports, and organizations, which may foster initiative, identity, and other positive developmental outcomes. 相似文献
996.
Predicting Treatment Response in Older Adults with Insomnia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined potential predictors of treatment outcome in late-life insomnia. Fifty-four older adults with chronic insomnia were treated with cognitive–behavior therapy (CBT), pharmacotherapy (PCT), or combined CBT plus PCT. Pretreatment characteristics such as demographic, clinical, psychometric, and sleep variables were examined as correlates or potential predictors of treatment response. Treatment response was defined by posttreatment sleep efficiency as measured subjectively by daily sleep diary and objectively by polysomnography. The results indicate that age, insomnia duration, medical illness, and previous use of sleep medications can moderate subjective or objective treatment outcome or both of these in late-life insomnia. However, there are no reliable predictors of outcome across all treatment and assessment modalities. The implications of these findings for the treatment of insomnia in older adults seen in primary care settings are discussed. 相似文献
997.
The Undecidability of Propositional Adaptive Logic 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
We investigate and classify the notion of final derivability of two basic inconsistency-adaptive logics. Specifically, the
maximal complexity of the set of final consequences of decidable sets of premises formulated in the language of propositional
logic is described. Our results show that taking the consequences of a decidable propositional theory is a complicated operation.
The set of final consequences according to either the Reliability Calculus or the Minimal Abnormality Calculus of a decidable
propositional premise set is in general undecidable, and can be -complete. These classifications are exact. For first order theories even finite sets of premises can generate such consequence
sets in either calculus. 相似文献
998.
Beth Huffer 《Synthese》2007,157(2):241-265
Agency can be construed as both the manner in which autonomous individuals embark on particular courses of action (or inaction),
and the relationship between such agents and the outcomes of the courses of action on which they embark. A promising strategy
for understanding both senses of agency consists in the combination of a modal logic of agency and branching time semantics.
Such is the strategy behind stit theory, the theory of agentive action developed by Nuel Belnap and others. However, stit
theoretic evaluations of the agentive relationship between agents and outcomes that are uncertain—due to either the presence
of indeterminism, or the possible intervention of other agents—yield counterintuitive results. This paper develops a pair
of alternative operators (the “act” operators) for modeling agency with respect to uncertain outcomes. Unlike the stit-theoretic
model, the act-theoretic model of agency with respect to a particular state of affairs does not require that the state of
affairs be realized in every possible history. If the state of affairs in fact obtains in the actual history, and its obtaining
was dependent on the agent’s pursuing a particular course of action, then the agent is deemed agentive under act theory. 相似文献
999.
We model three examples of beliefs that agents may have about other agents’ beliefs, and provide motivation for this conceptualization
from the theory of mind literature. We assume a modal logical framework for modelling degrees of belief by partially ordered
preference relations. In this setting, we describe that agents believe that other agents do not distinguish among their beliefs
(‘no preferences’), that agents believe that the beliefs of other agents are in part as their own (‘my preferences’), and
the special case that agents believe that the beliefs of other agents are exactly as their own (‘preference refinement’).
This multi-agent belief interaction is frame characterizable. We provide examples for introspective agents. We investigate
which of these forms of belief interaction are preserved under three common forms of belief revision. 相似文献
1000.
运用态度量表和反应时实验比较了品牌态度强度与品牌态度可达性的关系性质。研究发现,女性被试对保健品品牌要素的态度评价越肯定,态度通达和提取的时间就越快,两者之间形成有规律的函数关系;但在否定性态度条件下,没有出现类似的规律性;当要求被试把模糊性态度明确为肯定或否定态度时,67%的被试明确为否定态度,但所用时间显著慢于明确为肯定态度所用的时间 相似文献