全文获取类型
收费全文 | 328篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 9篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 33篇 |
2007年 | 26篇 |
2006年 | 16篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有338条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Tomoyuki Yamada 《Synthese》2008,165(2):295-315
In this paper, illocutionary acts of commanding will be differentiated from perlocutionary acts that affect preferences of
addressees in a new dynamic logic which combines the preference upgrade introduced in DEUL (dynamic epistemic upgrade logic) by van Benthem and Liu with the deontic update introduced in ECL II (eliminative command logic II) by Yamada. The resulting logic will incorporate J. L. Austin’s distinction between illocutionary
acts as acts having mere conventional effects and perlocutionary acts as acts having real effects upon attitudes and actions
of agents, and help us understand why saying so can make it so in explicit performative utterances. We will also discuss how
acts of commanding give rise to so-called “deontic dilemmas” and how we can accommodate most deontic dilemmas without triggering
so-called “deontic explosion”. 相似文献
42.
43.
Jeremy Morris 《Argumentation》2008,22(2):205-216
Self-defeating and self-justifying expressions are reflexive insofar as they pertain to themselves. However, the reflexivity
involved is often pragmatic, i.e., does not entirely depend upon the logical properties of what is expressed but also upon
the expressive act. In this paper I present a general account of pragmatic reflexivity and apply it to some familiar self-defeating
and self-justifying expressions in epistemology. This application indicates some important, if often neglected features of
the epistemological issues involved. The account I defend suggests that epistemology is particularly sensitive to pragmatic
reflexivity since what epistemologists do, i.e., inquire, theorize, and defend theories, is also the subject of the inquiry
and resultant theories.
相似文献
Jeremy MorrisEmail: |
44.
Liza Verhoeven 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2007,36(3):339-366
In this paper Grice’s requirements for assertability are imposed on the disjunction of Classical Logic. Defining material
implication in terms of negation and disjunction supplemented by assertability conditions, results in the disappearance of
the most important paradoxes of material implication. The resulting consequence relation displays a very strong resemblance
to Schurz’s conclusion-relevant consequence relation. 相似文献
45.
The biological foundations of cognitive science 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mark H. Bickhard 《New Ideas in Psychology》2009,27(1):75-84
Cognitive Science originated in reactions against behaviorism that were motivated in significant part by the example of the computer. The computer raised the exciting possibility that mind could be understood almost entirely independently of brain: if the operations of the mind are akin to the execution of a program, then almost all the relevant aspects of mind would be captured by that program, independently of whatever was running it, be it transistors or neurons. This presumed independence of cognitive science from biology has waned considerably in recent decades, but in this paper, I argue that there is at least one crucial aspect of biology that has yet to be appreciated for its relevance to mental and other normative processes—the thermodynamics of living systems. In particular, I argue that the emergence of normativity in general—and normative function and representation in particular—depends on special systems that are far from thermodynamic equilibrium; these form the interface between the factual world of atoms and molecules and the normative world of mind. The nature of that emergence, in turn, imposes strong constraints on how the central nervous system functions, and, therefore, on how cognition is realized. 相似文献
46.
Michelle Montague 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):171-192
My concern in this paper is with the intentionality of emotions. Desires and cognitions are the traditional paradigm cases
of intentional attitudes, and one very direct approach to the question of the intentionality of emotions is to treat it as
sui generis—as on a par with the intentionality of desires and cognitions but in no way reducible to it. A more common approach seeks
to reduce the intentionality of emotions to the intentionality of familiar intentional attitudes like desires and cognitions. In this
paper, I argue for the sui generis approach.
相似文献
Michelle MontagueEmail: |
47.
Thomas Ågotnes Wiebe Van der Hoek Juan A. Rodríguez-Aguilar Carles Sierra Michael Wooldridge 《Studia Logica》2009,92(1):1-26
We define a multi-modal version of Computation Tree Logic (ctl) by extending the language with path quantifiers E
δ
and A
δ
where δ denotes one of finitely many dimensions, interpreted over Kripke structures with one total relation for each dimension. As
expected, the logic is axiomatised by taking a copy of a ctl axiomatisation for each dimension. Completeness is proved by employing the completeness result for ctl to obtain a model along each dimension in turn. We also show that the logic is decidable and that its satisfiability problem
is no harder than the corresponding problem for ctl. We then demonstrate how Normative Systems can be conceived as a natural interpretation of such a multi-dimensional ctl logic.
Presented by Jacek Malinowski 相似文献
48.
David Ellerman 《Synthese》2009,168(1):119-149
Categorical logic has shown that modern logic is essentially the logic of subsets (or “subobjects”). In “subset logic,” predicates
are modeled as subsets of a universe and a predicate applies to an individual if the individual is in the subset. Partitions
are dual to subsets so there is a dual logic of partitions where a “distinction” [an ordered pair of distinct elements (u, u′) from the universe U] is dual to an “element”. A predicate modeled by a partition π on U would apply to a distinction if the pair of elements was distinguished by the partition π, i.e., if u and u′ were in different blocks of π. Subset logic leads to finite probability theory by taking the (Laplacian) probability as the normalized size of each subset-event
of a finite universe. The analogous step in the logic of partitions is to assign to a partition the number of distinctions
made by a partition normalized by the total number of ordered |U|2 pairs from the finite universe. That yields a notion of “logical entropy” for partitions and a “logical information theory.”
The logical theory directly counts the (normalized) number of distinctions in a partition while Shannon’s theory gives the
average number of binary partitions needed to make those same distinctions. Thus the logical theory is seen as providing a
conceptual underpinning for Shannon’s theory based on the logical notion of “distinctions.”
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Gian-Carlo Rota—mathematician, philosopher, mentor, and friend. 相似文献
49.
Montgomery Link 《Synthese》2009,166(1):41-54
In his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) presents the concept of order in terms of a notational iteration that is completely logical
but not part of logic. Logic for him is not the foundation of mathematical concepts but rather a purely formal way of reflecting
the world that at the minimum adds absolutely no content. Order for him is not based on the concepts of logic but is instead
revealed through an ideal notational series. He states that logic is “transcendental”. As such it requires an ideal that his
philosophical method eventually forces him to reject. I argue that Wittgenstein’s philosophy is more dialectical than transcendental. 相似文献
50.
Successful investors seeking returns, animals foraging for food, and pilots controlling aircraft all must take into account how their current decisions will impact their future standing. One challenge facing decision makers is that options that appear attractive in the short-term may not turn out best in the long run. In this paper, we explore human learning in a dynamic decision making task which places short- and long-term rewards in conflict. Our goal in these studies was to evaluate how people’s mental representation of a task affects their ability to discover an optimal decision strategy. We find that perceptual cues that readily align with the underlying state of the task environment help people overcome the impulsive appeal of short-term rewards. Our experimental manipulations, predictions, and analyses are motivated by current work in reinforcement learning which details how learners value delayed outcomes in sequential tasks and the importance that “state” identification plays in effective learning. 相似文献