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841.
Reasons behind older adults' under‐utilisation of mental health services are complex. Barriers to access to mental health services for this group include service access and availability, attitudes of medical and mental health professionals, and attitudes of older people themselves. This questionnaire‐based study sought to investigate variables that may influence attitudes towards psychological help seeking among a late mid‐age–young‐old Australian sample of 159 community‐dwelling adults. The results suggest that attitudes towards seeking psychological help in this population were relatively positive. In addition, >50% of participants in the sample indicated that they had sought treatment for emotional or psychological difficulties in the past, with the greatest proportion of those who sought help noting that it was for “family problems” (56%). The findings suggest that negative attitudes to help seeking in this age group may not be as pervasive as previously assumed, and that help‐seeking behaviours may be high among those with positive attitudes towards help seeking. 相似文献
842.
Growth in personality disorder research has been documented by previous authors up to 1995. The aim of the present study was to extend this by examining publications rates for individual DSM personality disorders over the period 1971–2005, and making projections to 2015 based on these data. It was found that personality disorder research has grown in absolute terms, and as a proportion of overall psychopathology research. Research output is dominated by borderline personality disorder, with strong publication rates in other conditions such as antisocial and schizotypal personality disorders. In contrast, several personality disorders such as schizoid and paranoid personality disorder have failed to attract research interest. Based on current projections, there is expected to be no research output in 2015 for schizoid personality disorder. It was found that the rate of publications for personality disorders was not influenced by the publication of the last three revisions of the DSM diagnostic criteria. Several potential explanations such as the difficulty in conducting certain types of personality disorder research, and the validity of the current DSM diagnostic taxonomy are discussed. 相似文献
843.
C. Jackson P. Trower J. Smith M. Townend J. Jones R. Russell G. Dunn 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(6):454-462
There are few evaluated psychological interventions or theoretical approaches which are specifically aimed at reducing problems related to adjustment and adaptation following a first episode of psychosis. The present study tests the efficacy of a form of CBT (Cognitive Recovery Intervention; CRI) in reducing trauma, depression and low self esteem following a first episode of psychosis, in a single-blind randomised controlled trial. A total of 66 patients who had recently experienced a first episode of psychosis were randomly assigned to CRI or treatment as usual (TAU) and followed up at 6 and 12 months. People receiving CRI tended to have lower levels of post-intervention trauma symptoms and demonstrated greater improvement than those receiving TAU alone. This was especially the case at 6 months for those with high pre-treatment levels of trauma. There was, however, no advantage for the CRI group with regards to reduced depression or improved self esteem. In conclusion, CRI appears to be an effective intervention to help young people adapt to the traumatic aspects of a first episode of psychosis although further evaluation in a larger study is warranted. 相似文献
844.
Laurence Claes Stefaan Vertommen Dirk Smits Patricia Bijttebier 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):948-953
Associations of both reactive and regulative temperamental features with personality disorders (PDs) are investigated in a sample of 162 normal controls and 89 psychiatric inpatients. Reactive and regulative temperamental features were assessed by means of the BIS/BAS Scales and the Attentional Control Scale. Dimensional PD scores were obtained by using the ADP-IV. All PDs were characterized by low levels of effortful control, cluster C PDs by high BIS and cluster B PDs by high BAS. For several PDs, BIS and effortful control interacted: BIS was only related to severe PD pathology if effortful control was low. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
845.
Erin T. Barker Nancy L. Galambos 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):43-50
Common measures of eating disorder symptoms contain affect-related items. When associations between negative affect and eating
disorder symptoms are examined, criterion confounding is possible. The current study explored whether criterion confounding
biases estimates of relations between symptoms of binge eating and negative affect. Data were collected from first-year university
student women via 14-day web-based daily diaries. The Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS) measured daily symptoms of binge
eating, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measured daily negative affect. The inclusion of affect-related
items in the MEBS biased mean level tests of negative affect, correlations of negative affect with symptoms of binge eating,
and associations between the likelihood of reporting behavioral symptoms of binge eating and same-day negative affect. Converging
results demonstrated the need to measure associated features and risk factors separately from problematic eating behavior
symptoms.
相似文献
Erin T. BarkerEmail: |
846.
Lourdes Ezpeleta Josep Toro 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):168-177
This is a study of comorbid anxiety disorders and how they affect the clinical picture of comorbid cases. The sample consisted
of 576 Spanish children aged 8 to 17 years receiving psychiatric outpatient consultation that were evaluated using a semi-structured
diagnostic interview for both parents and children. A specific association of homotypic comorbidity among anxiety disorders
that was independent of the presence of other disorders was found. There was heterotypic comorbidity between anxiety and depressive
disorders, ADHD, anorexia and tic disorders. Relationships between non-anxiety disorders were, in general, independent of
anxiety, but anxiety moderated the relationship between ADHD-Conduct disorder and Conduct disorder-enuresis. Comorbid anxiety
increased difficulties in social interaction, was related with higher global impairment and had an impact on consultation
and medication. Anxiety disorder comorbidity should be well recognized in order not to disregard the treatment of all present
disorders. 相似文献
847.
林琳 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2008,29(6):18-19
生物反馈作为一种新兴的行为疗法,在治疗功能性结直肠病中发挥着越来越重要的作用,主要用于治疗功能性大便失禁和功能性便秘。根据目前的研究,依从性和心理状况是影响生物反馈疗效的主要因素。本文就生物反馈在功能性结直肠病中的应用及体会做一综述。 相似文献
848.
NR3C1参与HPA轴调节,与应激相关的身心疾病关系密切。以往针对NR3C1与焦虑障碍的研究基本以成人为考察对象,且大多关注负性生活事件等个体层面环境变量。本研究采用病例-对照设计,以238名青少年为被试(焦虑障碍117人,对照121人),旨在考察NR3C1常见位点rs6191、rs6196、rs41423247的多态性、单倍型以及父母不同类型教养方式对焦虑障碍的影响。结果表明rs6191 GG基因型、rs6196 AA基因型、rs41423247 GG基因型与低焦虑障碍风险相关。父母过多的过度保护与冷漠拒绝、父亲过少的温暖关怀可预测较高的焦虑障碍风险。rs41423247多态性与母亲温暖关怀存在交互作用:rs41423247 GG基因型只在母亲温暖关怀较多时能降低焦虑障碍风险,在母亲温暖关怀较少时与焦虑障碍并无显著相关。此外,rs6191-rs6196-rs41423247构成的单倍型GAG与低焦虑障碍风险显著关联,TGC与高焦虑障碍风险显著关联,且二者与母亲温暖关怀、母亲过度保护分别存在交互作用。未来可采用追踪研究,从表观遗传层面探讨教养方式与NR3C1影响焦虑障碍的内在机制。 相似文献
849.
Richard Bandler 《Aggressive behavior》1979,5(3):257-267
Studies in which the predatory-like attack of a cat upon a rat has been elicited by electrical brain stimulation have been briefly reviewed with an emphasis on the question of where within the central nervous system such brain stimulation is producing its behaviorally meaningful effects. Two opposing but by no means mutually exclusive views are considered. The first is that brain stimulation elicits this behavior pattern primarily because it affects a specific motivated behavior system that is organized discretely in the midbrain and pons. The second is that forebrain neural activity is modulated in behaviorally significant ways by brainstem stimulation, which elicits predatory-like aggressive behavior in the cat. The possibility that further research on the altered state of central nervous system activity, induced by brain stimulation which elicits aggressive behavior in the cat, may lead to a further understanding of the altered states of central nervous system activity that underlie the aggressive dyscontrol syndrome and other episodic state disorders is discussed. 相似文献
850.