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811.
812.
Gregory J. Benner J. Ron Nelson Jill H. Allor Paul Mooney Tao Dai 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2008,17(1):63-78
The results from previous research suggest that there is a relatively small (albeit statistically significant) relationship
between the externalizing behavior and academic skills of students with emotional disturbance (ED). Researchers have also
found that the majority of these students have language deficits that hinder their academic performance. The purposes of this
study were to investigate the mediating role of academic processing speed (i.e., academic fluency) on the relationship between:
(a) The externalizing behavior and academic skills of K-12 students with ED; and (b) language skills and academic skills of
students with ED. Results indicate that academic processing speed mediated the influence of both language skills and externalizing
behavior on academic skills of this population. The findings, limitations, and implications were discussed. 相似文献
813.
Mond JM Myers TC Crosby RD Hay PJ Rodgers B Morgan JF Lacey JH Mitchell JE 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(5):612-622
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The comparative validity of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (22 items) and SCOFF (five items) in screening for cases of the more commonly occurring eating disorders was examined in a primary care sample of young adult women (n=257). Diagnoses were confirmed in a sub-group of interviewed participants (n=147). RESULTS: Twenty-five cases, primarily variants of bulimia nervosa (BN) not meeting formal diagnostic criteria, were identified in the interviewed sample. An EDE-Q global score of >or= 2.80 yielded the optimal trade-off between sensitivity (Se) (0.80) and specificity (Sp) (0.80) (positive predictive value (PPV)=0.44), whereas a score of two or more positive responses on the SCOFF was optimal (Se=0.72, Sp=0.73, PPV=0.35). Validity coefficients for both measures varied as a function of participants' age and body weight, although these effects were more pronounced for the SCOFF. CONCLUSIONS: Both measures performed well in terms of their ability to detect cases and to exclude non-cases of the more commonly occurring eating disorders in a primary care setting. The EDE-Q performed somewhat better than the SCOFF and was more robust to effects on validity of age and weight. These findings need to be weighed against the advantage of the SCOFF in terms of its brevity. 相似文献
814.
Lissek S Biggs AL Rabin SJ Cornwell BR Alvarez RP Pine DS Grillon C 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(5):678-687
Though generalization of conditioned fear has been implicated as a central feature of pathological anxiety, surprisingly little is known about the psychobiology of this learning phenomenon in humans. Whereas animal work has frequently applied methods to examine generalization gradients to study the gradual weakening of the conditioned-fear response as the test stimulus increasingly differs from the conditioned stimulus (CS), to our knowledge no psychobiological studies of such gradients have been conducted in humans over the last 40 years. The current effort validates an updated generalization paradigm incorporating more recent methods for the objective measurement of anxiety (fear-potentiated startle). The paradigm employs 10, quasi-randomly presented, rings of gradually increasing size with extremes serving as CS+ and CS−. The eight rings of intermediary size serve as generalization stimuli (GSs) and create a continuum-of-similarity from CS+ to CS−. Both startle data and online self-report ratings demonstrate continuous decreases in generalization as the presented stimulus becomes less similar to the CS+. The current paradigm represents an updated and efficacious tool with which to study fear generalization—a central, yet understudied conditioning-correlate of pathologic anxiety. 相似文献
815.
Emeritus Professor GRAHAM R. DAVIDSON KATE E. MURRAY ROBERT SCHWEITZER 《Australian psychologist》2008,43(3):160-174
This review covers refugee mental health and wellbeing within the Australian context to assist psychologists who provide services for, or who conduct research with, refugees. It provides a brief overview of the refugee movement, prior to examining evidence relating to the impacts of pre‐displacement, displacement and resettlement factors on psychological adjustment in the resettlement phase, and the systemic and sociopolitical factors that influence the process of adaptation during resettlement. Australian findings suggest that mental health and wellbeing outcomes are influenced by a complexity of pre‐displacement, displacement, resettlement and systemic factors; the detention or award of temporary residence to refugees who are already experiencing psychological distress on arrival are cases in point. Limitations of the findings are considered. More research into the combined, pathwise relations between the psychosocial pre‐determinants and psychological sequelae of the refugee experience is required. Finally, suggestions for the development of practice, training and ethical guidelines are offered. 相似文献
816.
Craske MG Waters AM Lindsey Bergman R Naliboff B Lipp OV Negoro H Ornitz EM 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(8):954-967
Aversive conditioning and extinction were evaluated in children with anxiety disorders (n=23), at-risk for anxiety disorders (n=15), and controls (n=11). Participants underwent 16 trials of discriminative conditioning of two geometric figures, with (CS+) or without (CS-) an aversive tone (US), followed by 8 extinction trials (4 CS+, 4 CS-), and 8 extinction re-test trials averaging 2 weeks later. Skin conductance responses and verbal ratings of valence and arousal to the CS+/CS- stimuli were measured. Anxiety disordered children showed larger anticipatory and unconditional skin conductance responses across conditioning, and larger orienting and anticipatory skin conductance responses across extinction and extinction re-test, all to the CS+ and CS-, relative to controls. At-risk children showed larger unconditional responses during conditioning, larger orienting responses during the first block of extinction, and larger anticipatory responses during extinction re-test, all to the CS+ and CS-, relative to controls. Also, anxiety disordered children rated the CS+ as more unpleasant than the other groups. Elevated skin conductance responses to signals of threat (CS+) and signals of safety (CS-; CS+ during extinction) are discussed as features of manifestation of and risk for anxiety in children, compared to the specificity of valence judgments to the manifestation of anxiety. 相似文献
817.
Samuels JF Bienvenu OJ Pinto A Murphy DL Piacentini J Rauch SL Fyer AJ Grados MA Greenberg BD Knowles JA McCracken JT Cullen B Riddle MA Rasmussen SA Pauls DL Liang KY Hoehn-Saric R Pulver AE Nestadt G 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(9):1040-1046
Little is known about whether the clinical correlates of hoarding behavior are different in men and women with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In the current study, we evaluated the association of hoarding with categories of obsessions and compulsions, psychiatric disorders, personality dimensions, and other clinical characteristics separately in 151 men and 358 women with OCD who were examined during the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study. We found that, among men but not women, hoarding was associated with aggressive, sexual, and religious obsessions and checking compulsions. In men, hoarding was associated with generalized anxiety disorder and tics whereas, among women, hoarding was associated with social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, nail biting, and skin picking. In women but not men, hoarding was associated with schizotypal and dependent personality disorder dimensions, and with low conscientiousness. These findings indicate that specific clinical correlates of hoarding in OCD are different in men and women and may reflect sex-specific differences in the course, expression, and/or etiology of hoarding behavior in OCD. 相似文献
818.
Samuels JF Bienvenu OJ Grados MA Cullen B Riddle MA Liang KY Eaton WW Nestadt G 《Behaviour research and therapy》2008,46(7):836-844
Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in the community. We estimated the prevalence and evaluated correlates of hoarding in 742 participants in the Hopkins Epidemiology of Personality Disorder Study. The prevalence of hoarding was nearly 4% (5.3%, weighted) and was greater in older than younger age groups, greater in men than women, and inversely related to household income. Hoarding was associated with alcohol dependence; paranoid, schizotypal, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder traits; insecurity from home break-ins and excessive physical discipline before 16 years of age; and parental psychopathology. These findings suggest that hoarding may be relatively prevalent and that alcohol dependence, personality disorder traits, and specific childhood adversities are associated with hoarding in the community. 相似文献
819.
The current study examined the impact of thought suppression on indices of anxiety, including memory indices (implicit and explicit memory biases) and physiological indices (heart rate). The participants, 81 undergraduates scoring in the top quartile of a self-report measure of trait anxiety, were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: thought suppression (TS), thought concentration (TC), and thought wandering (TW). The TC and TW groups were included to control for the effects of effortful processing and exposure to stimuli, respectively. One block of threat words and one block of neutral words were presented under conditions of cognitive load, and participants' physiological responses and memory biases were measured. The thought suppression group exhibited an enhanced overall memory bias for threat words, driven by an elevated explicit memory bias, relative to the other two groups, a result that has implications for ironic processes theory and may inform information-processing models of anxiety. 相似文献
820.
《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2008,14(4):295-310
The study proposes us to define and to treat the social questions that the musculoskeletal disorders suppose. Indeed, an optimal prevention is articulated around the two poles of musculoskeletal disorders factors of risk, which are the biomechanics and psychosocial factors of risk. The aim of this article is also to create a collective reaction for mobilise every one which are concerned by this subject. The musculoskeletal disorders are one of the first causes of compensation working disease. The factors of risk in their occurred are mainly the repetitivite gesture, the implementation of the muscular force, the extreme articular amplitudes and also, but in a less proportion, the psychological stress felt by a person during his working time. All these elements will be developing in this study. 相似文献