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41.
Introduction: Effective brief psychological approaches for depression that can be delivered by a variety of health professionals with minimal training increase access to treatment by patients. Problem Solving Treatment (PST) was developed for primary care and was modified for this study (EPST) to better meet the needs of mental health patients. Method: A total of 92 therapists from different professional backgrounds completed EPST workshops and treated 92 patients with major depression with interval clinical and treatment process assessments. Results: EPST achieved a significant reduction in depressive symptom scores, life problem scores, and there were few treatment non‐completers. Treatment outcome was predicted by process and therapist variables. Discussion: EPST is an effective and easy to teach treatment that can be delivered by a variety of practitioners and suitable for busy primary mental health care settings. 相似文献
42.
Guy Notelaers Hans De Witte Stale Einarsen 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(4):487-504
This article analyses job characteristics as antecedents of workplace bullying, in line with the early Scandinavian research tradition. Research thus far suggests a large variety of possible job related antecedents. Recent review findings and methodological criticism, however, suggests that these findings need to be treated with caution. Warr's Vitamin model is used to summarize relevant job-related antecedents of workplace bullying. All relationships are tested simultaneously in a hierarchical regression analysis, controlling for covariates. A large and heterogeneous sample of Belgian workers is used to test the hypotheses (n = 6175). The results show that task autonomy is not significantly related to bullying. In line with earlier research, role conflicts and role ambiguity are the most important antecedents. Also (lack of) participation in decision making, (lack of) skill utilization, workload, cognitive demands, changes in the job, job insecurity, and (lack of) task-related feedback are found to be directly related to workplace bullying. These findings are discussed in the light of the literature and some suggestions for practice are formulated. 相似文献
43.
Jon Anders Lone Roald A. Bjørklund Kaja B. Østerud Line A. Anderssen Thomas Hoff Cato A. Bjørkli 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(3):469-482
The aim of the present study is to examine to what extent general and situation-specific work environment instruments capture the salient work characteristics in a knowledge-intensive context. We conducted qualitative open-ended interviews with 30 employees (24 men and six women) from a Norwegian university department. The information from the interviews was content-analysed and coded on the scales of five work environment instruments; two general instruments (the General Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work [QPSNordic] and the Job Diagnostic Survey [JDS]) and three situation-specific instruments (Assessing the climate for creativity [KEYS], Situational Outlook Questionnaire [SOQ], and the Organizational Climate Measure [OCM]). The results showed that situation-specific work environment instruments covered significantly more statements about the work environment than the general instruments. More statements could be categorized on the organization and individual levels, compared to group and leadership levels. The situation-specific instruments covered more statements than general instruments at the organization level. These statements were mainly related to the organizational context, social and relational characteristics, and encouragement of creativity and organizational impediments to creativity. The findings support the value of situation-specific instruments for assessing the work environment in knowledge-intensive organizations. 相似文献
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45.
Ricky Finzi Dov Har-Even Dan Shnit Abraham Weizman 《Journal of child and family studies》2002,11(4):441-453
Research reports on the long-term sequelae of physically abused children have not produced a coherent profile that can be used to identify this population as a distinct diagnostic group. To define the specific combination of symptomatology and personality characteristics of this group, 41 physically abused children, referred by the state Child Protection Officers were interviewed using the Attachment Style Classification Questionnaire, the Children's Depression Inventory, the Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Child Suicidal Potential Scales. The results were compared with those of 38 neglected children and 35 nonabused, nonneglected children. The physically abused children showed an avoidant attachment style, specific depressive and suicidal symptomatology, high anxiety level, high aggression level, and primitive defense mechanisms. A discriminant data analysis identified 92.8% of the participants in terms of their diagnostic status. Our study suggests that an emotional and behavioural cluster of characteristics may differentiate physically abused children from neglected and nonmaltreated children. This cluster highlights the severity of induced developmental damages in the short and long-term. 相似文献
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47.
中国证券投资者的投资行为与个性特征 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
本研究采用综合性行为金融学手段,探索证券投资者的一般行为特征、心理特征以及行为特征和心理特征之间的关系。本实验首先采用访谈法对专业人士进行访谈,了解投资者的基本心理结构、一般的行为方式以及对证券市场的信息进行加工、决策的主要因素。在访谈基础上编制调查问卷,在全国7个城市(北京、上海、深圳、武汉、成都、西安和沈阳)对1063名投资者进行了问卷调查,从心理学角度对中国证券投资者的行为与心理特征进行了分析。结果表明:中国股市还是一个政策市,投资者对所投资对象的了解程度越高,掌握的投资知识越多,以及具备较高的独立性和自我效能,盈利的可能性越大。 相似文献
48.
认知风格、内外向性、情绪稳定性与图形推理效果的关系 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
采用EFT、EPQ和RSPM-CR量表对156名理科大学生进行测量研究,结果发现:场独立性认知风格在图形系统变化、系列关系、抽象推理方面,较场依存性有明显优势;情绪稳定性高者图形推理的总体效果显著优于情绪稳定性低者;内向性者与外向性者的图形推理效果无显著差异;认知风格、情绪稳定性与图形推理总分有显著正相关,认知风格的正向预测力居首位。 相似文献
49.
通过对海量心电图资料的分析,发现每个人的心电图波形绝然不同,均有其自身特点,也即具有唯一性,而同一人的心电波形在出生后至18岁成年前如人的容貌、身高、体重一样变化较大,成年后则相对稳定、基本不变,我们认为心电波形如同其他生物特征一样具有生物特征的显著特点,由此提出心电图心电波形具有唯一性的假说。 相似文献
50.
Theories and empirical evidence regarding prayer behavior generally emerge from studies of survey respondents in developed countries. The research we describe here adds to the literature by exploring links between demographic characteristics and the frequency and content of prayers for respondents in rural Tanzania. We surveyed 349 Christian households from six villages in the country's Kilimanjaro region. In some aspects our findings match results from survey research conducted elsewhere, and in other aspects our results differ from those commonly reported in the literature. We suggest that local cultural and socioeconomic conditions may account for the differences in outcomes. These results suggest a need for caution in applying to poor countries theories and expectations drawn from the developed country context. 相似文献