叠音姓名对人际知觉和态度的影响

基于刻板印象内容模型,通过三个实验考察了叠音姓名对人际知觉和态度的影响,并检验了性别特征的调节作用。研究结果表明:(1)叠音姓名会让人们觉得评价对象更像儿童,更温暖,但也更缺乏能力。(2)叠音姓名对人际知觉的影响受到姓名性别特征的调节。对于女性化姓名,叠音姓名对温暖和能力知觉的影响会削弱。(3)叠音姓名对人际态度的作用受到工作类型的影响。人们会觉得叠音姓名的人更适合从事服务性的工作,非叠音姓名的人更适合从事技术性的工作。     

A gradual reformation: empirical character and causal powers in Kant

According to Kant each person has an empirical character, which is ultimately grounded in one’s free choice. The popular Causal Laws interpretation of empirical character holds that it consists of the causal laws governing our psychology. I argue that this reading has difficulties explaining moral change, the ‘gradual reformation’ of our empirical character: Causal laws cannot change and hence cannot be gradually reformed. I propose an alternative Causal Powers interpretation of empirical character, where our empirical character consists of our mind’s causal powers. The resulting picture of empirical character allows for moral change and Kantian weakness of will.     

儿童面对不同对象的欺骗表现及其相关的社会性特点

为进一步探讨儿童欺骗行为的表现及其影响因素,在研究一中,分别引入陌生的成年女性、成年男性、同龄女孩、同龄男孩等四种游戏对手,探讨159名幼儿园大班的儿童在面对不同对象的情况下外显欺骗行为是否发生变化？结果表明,被试性别、对手年龄和对手性别三因素之间交互作用显著,儿童更倾向于欺骗成年女性以及和自己性别不同的同伴。研究二采用儿童社会化量表进一步考察儿童欺骗行为和其它社会性特点的关联。结果表明隐蔽的动作欺骗和意志维度显著相关,外显的动作欺骗和好胜心维度显著相关,说谎和自我概念维度显著相关     

视野位置及刺激特征对目标搜索影响的眼动研究

在视觉搜索中,注意受多种因素的影响。本研究控制了刺激呈现的3种视野位置,旨在研究在不同视野位置上,各种因素发挥作用的情况。要求被试在4个项目中搜索某一特定的靶子,记录了反应时和多种眼动指标。结果发现,在不同的视野位置上,视觉搜索过程受目标状态和刺激特征的影响程度发生了变化。并且对形状和颜色特征的加工存在时间和加工位置上的差异。     

汉字词错觉结合的层次和影响因素

采用数字再认与词汇再认双作业范式,从笔画、部件、整字层次,考察汉字错觉结合的层次和影响因素。结果发现：（1）在汉字词识别中,两个相邻字（词）之间存在笔画、部件或字的互换错误,说明在笔画、部件和字的层次上存在错觉结合。（2）字的错觉结合率最高,其次是部件,笔画最低。（3）汉字词的错觉结合受刺激对的呈现方式、汉字结构和词性影响。     

全视野汉字词义联想的ERP特征与汉字认识的ERP甄别

实验刺激模式为“预备信号纯音－屏幕呈现一个提示字一屏幕呈现一个操作字”。令被试者用操作字联想出另一个字以组成词,并口述之。实验组依联想性质分为具体与抽象二项,另进行一项对照实验。每项实验的操作字皆分为认识与不认识两类,脑电记录点为Ｆｚ,Ｃｚ,Ｐｚ,Ｐ３－Ｔ５中点,Ｐ４－Ｔ６中点,主要观察到：（１）词义联想引起Ｐ３与正慢波（ＰＳＷ）波幅增大。（２）不认识字联想可导致ＰＳＷ波幅极显著地增大和潜伏期极显著地延长,（３）无论汉字是否认识,对照组ＰＳＷ波幅较两个实验组皆高。（４）从ＰＳＷ中提取出了反映汉字认识与否的纯心理性Ｐ８００成分。（５）对照组的Ｐ８００始潜时较两个实验组皆长,这些实验结果表明,除前人提出的ＰＳＷ具有信息加工完成之认知含义外,ＰＳＷ尚与汉字形音认知、联想等多重信息加工相关,很可能是复合波;汉字的形音义加工间存在着错综复杂的关系,难以分割;在本实验条件下可使用ＰＳＷ或Ｐ８００成分作为甄别汉字是否认识的客观标志。     

汉字识别中的语音效应

该实验用启动掩蔽法探讨了汉字词识别中语音的作用。以五类高、低频汉字词对为材料,在三种启动时间条件下发现:高频形似音同目标字在25毫秒启动下有显著促进效应,而形异音同目标字在25和35毫秒有显著抑制效应。在低频情况下与上述相应的目标字表现出不显著的促进和抑制效应。此结果似乎表明汉字词识别过程具有程度不同的语音自动激活效应。     

蔡元培道德教育思想初探

蔡元培的道德教育思想及其实践在中国近现代伦理思想史上具有独特地位。他关于道德教育培养国民健全人格,以公民道德教育为“中坚”,重视公德、私德教育以及道德教育途径与方法等等,对于今天中国特色社会主义思想道德建设仍具有借鉴意义。     

Rights and Morals, Issues, and Candidate Integrity: Insights into the Role of the News Media

In recent American political discourse, elections and debates tend to be presented by the news media as collisions of basic principles, with opposing parties advancing beliefs about what is right and what is wrong. When news coverage of an election campaign focuses on issues that emphasize rights and morals, voting behavior may be affected in two ways: Citizens become likely to form and make use of evaluations of the integrity of the candidates, and citizens become motivated to seek an issue-position "match" with candidates on those issues for which discourse is ethically charged (particularly when they hold a similar interpretation of the issue). These ideas were tested in an experiment in which labor union members and undergraduate students were presented with news stories about the contrasting positions of fictional candidates for elective office. Across three political environments, all information was held constant except for systematic alteration of a different issue in each environment. These three issues (abortion, gun control, and health care) vary in the types of value conflicts emphasized in news coverage. The results shed light on how individuals process, interpret, and use issue coverage in choosing among candidates.