The behavioural treatment of obsessional-compulsive disorders, with and without clomipramine

The effects of behavioural treatment alone, and in combination with clomipramine, were assessed on 40 patients with chronic obsessional-compulsive disorders, using a 2 × 2 factorial design. These effects were assessed by behavioural measures and mood measures.The behavioural treatment was followed by significant improvements on most behavioural measures. Clomipramine administration was followed by significant improvements on mood scales and some behavioural measures. There were no significant interactions between these two experimental conditions.     

Using the concept of the 'total situation' in the analysis of a borderline adolescent

The author discusses two concepts of transference: the broader use of transference as the 'total situation', as it was called by Melanie Klein and further elaborated by post-Kleinians, and the narrow use of transference in the traditional sense. Using clinical material from the four-times-a-week analysis of a severely disturbed adolescent over a period of 4 years, the author tries to show how the understanding of the transference as the total situation enabled her to work with this boy who hardly spoke or played. The observation of his non-verbal communication and the counter-transference feelings of the analyst made it possible to formulate hypotheses about the quality of his relationship with the analyst and the inner world of the patient. After the presentation of the clinical material the author points out some misunderstandings of the concept of the total situation in European psychoanalytic discussion.

L'auteur explore deux façons de conceptualiser le transfert?:?celle, plus large, de la « situation totale », formulée par Melanie Klein et développée par les post-Kleiniens, ainsi que celle, plus étroite, de l'acception traditionnelle du terme. À partir du matériel clinique d'une analyse À quatre séances hebdomadaires pendant plus de quatre ans d'un adolescent gravement perturbé, l'auteur s'efforce de montrer comment la conception du transfert en tant que situation totale lui a permis de travailler avec ce garçon qui ne parlait ni ne jouait guère. L'observation de ses communications non verbales et les éprouvés contre-transférentiels de l'analyste ont permis l'élaboration d'hypothèses relatives À la qualité de la relation patient-analyste et au monde interne du garçon. Après avoir présenté le matériel clinique, l'auteur relève quelques malentendus qui persistent, parmi les psychanalystes en Europe, au sujet de la situation totale.

L'autrice discute due concetti di transfert: il piu' ampio uso del transfert in quanto 'situazione totale', come fu chiamato da Melanie Klein e successivamente elaborato dai post-Kleiniani, e l'uso piu' ristretto del transfert nel senso tradizionale. Usando il materiale clinico tratto dall'analisi di quattro anni a quattro sedute settimanali di un adolescente molto disturbato, l'autrice cerca di mostrare in che modo la comprensione del transfert come situazione totale le ha permesso di lavorare con questo ragazzo che a mala pena parlava e giocava. L'osservazione delle sue comunicazioni non verbali e i sentimenti di contro-transfert dell'analista hanno permesso di formulare ipotesi sulla qualita' della sua relazione con l'analista ed il mondo interno del paziente. Successivamente alla presentazione del materiale clinico l'autrice espone alcuni dei fraintendimenti del concetto di situazione totale nella discussione psicoanalitica europea.

Die Autorin diskutiert zwei Konzepte der Übertragung: den weitergefassten Gebrauch der Übertragung als der 'totalen Situation', wie sie von Melanie Klein benannt und von Post-Kleinianern weiterentwickelt wurde, und den engeren Gebrauch der Übertragung im traditionellen Sinne. Anhand von klinischem Material aus einer vierstÜndigen Analyse eines schwer gestörten Jugendlichen Über den Zeitraum von 4 Jahren, versucht die Autorin aufzuzeigen, wie das Verständnis der Übertragung als der totalen Situation ihr ermöglichte, mit diesem Jungen zu arbeiten, der kaum sprach oder spielte. Die Beobachtung seiner nicht-sprachlichen Kommunikation und der GegenÜbertragungsgefÜhle der Analytikerin ermöglichte es, Hypothesen Über die Qualität seiner Beziehung mit der Analytikerin und der innerer Welt des Patientens zu formulieren. Nach der Präsentierung des klinischen Materials stellt die Autorin einige der Missverständnisse des Konzepts der totalen Situation in der europäischen psychoanalytischen Diskussion heraus.     

Aesthetic Licence: Foucault's Modernism and Kant's Post-modernism

Recently criticism and theory have maintained that Kant's aesthetic theory is central to modernism, and have used Foucault's archaeology to interrogate that modernism. This paper suggests that archaeology ultimately cannot escape Kant's hold because it depends on Kantian theses. The first section will consider how a recent exponent of an 'archaeological' viewpoint characterizes Kant's theory and will set out the critical role Kant ascribes to art. The second section compares Kant and Foucault to argue that despite appearances their projects turn out to be substantially coterminal. My interest in comparing these critics is not only to be provocative but also to show that post-modernist thinking, at least in the guise of Foucault, needs and uses standards that Kant proposes.     

The meaning of “significance” for different types of research [translated and annotated by Eric-Jan Wagenmakers,Denny Borsboom,Josine Verhagen,Rogier Kievit,Marjan Bakker,Angelique Cramer,Dora Matzke,Don Mellenbergh,and Han L. J. van der Maas]

Adrianus Dingeman de Groot (1914–2006) was one of the most influential Dutch psychologists. He became famous for his work “Thought and Choice in Chess”, but his main contribution was methodological — De Groot co-founded the Department of Psychological Methods at the University of Amsterdam (together with R. F. van Naerssen), founded one of the leading testing and assessment companies (CITO), and wrote the monograph “Methodology” that centers on the empirical-scientific cycle: observation–induction–deduction–testing–evaluation. Here we translate one of De Groot's early articles, published in 1956 in the Dutch journal Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en Haar Grensgebieden. This article is more topical now than it was almost 60 years ago. De Groot stresses the difference between exploratory and confirmatory (“hypothesis testing”) research and argues that statistical inference is only sensible for the latter: “One ‘is allowed’ to apply statistical tests in exploratory research, just as long as one realizes that they do not have evidential impact”. De Groot may have also been one of the first psychologists to argue explicitly for preregistration of experiments and the associated plan of statistical analysis. The appendix provides annotations that connect De Groot's arguments to the current-day debate on transparency and reproducibility in psychological science.     

A multiple-valued logic approach to the design and verification of hardware circuits

We present a novel approach, which is based on multiple-valued logic (MVL), to the verification and analysis of digital hardware designs, which extends the common ternary or quaternary approaches for simulations. The simulations which are performed in the more informative MVL setting reveal details which are either invisible or harder to detect through binary or ternary simulations. In equivalence verification, detecting different behavior under MVL simulations may lead to the discovery of a genuine binary non-equivalence or to a qualitative gap between two designs. The value of a variable in a simulation may hold information about its degree of truth and its “place of birth” and “date of birth”. Applications include equivalence verification, initialization, assertions generation and verification, partial control on the flow of data by prioritizing and block-oriented simulations. Much of the paper is devoted to theoretical aspects behind the MVL approach, including the reason for choosing a specific algebra for computations and the introduction of the notions of De Morgan Canonical Form and of verification complexity of Boolean expressions. Two basic simulation-based algorithms are presented, one for satisfying and verifying combinational designs and the other for equivalence verification of sequential designs.     

Aquinas on Natural Law and the Virtues in Biblical Context Homosexuality as a Test Case

Marriagelike homosexual relationships expose a division among ethicists following Aquinas. Those emphasizing natural law may call such relationships unnatural; those emphasizing the virtues may approve of relationships fostering love and justice. Natural law, the virtues, and homosexuality all show up in Aquinas's Commentary on Romans —untranslated and hardly cited. Romans 1:18 opens a discussion of justice. Verse 20 provides Aquinas's chief warrant for natural law. Verse 26 applies virtue and law to "the vice against nature." But Aquinas's account also depends on Paul as an exemplar of virtue and on Aquinas's high regard for the Bible. Aquinas deploys natural law as a mode of biblical exegesis, not an alternative to it. In the De potentia , Aquinas considers how to proceed when nature and Scripture seem to conflict. The account does not settle, but rather makes more room for, dispute.     

A Self-Forming Vessel: Aristotle,Plasticity, and the Developing Nature of the Intellect

ABSTRACT

Highlighting the relations between De Anima II.5 and De Anima III.4, this paper argues that Aristotle held a surprisingly dynamic view of the intellect. According to this view, the intellect is in a constant development brought about by its own activity. This dynamic view distinguishes the intellect from both physical objects and from sense-perception. For Aristotle the intellect is a “nothing” that gradually becomes something by thinking. The paper traces the logic of this idea and its meaning. It defends the simple thesis that in the intellect alone first and second transitions are bound together: that every concrete thought is also a determination of the possibility of the intellect. This, I will suggest, was known to ancient commentators who distinguished between not two but three “intellects” in De Anima; not only the possible and actual intellects, but also the acquired intellect. It is the unique conceptual structure of the acquired intellect that this paper sketches.