3～4岁儿童攻击行为发展的追踪研究

对163名幼儿园小班儿童进行追踪观察,考察3-4岁期间儿童攻击行为的特点、发展模式及稳定性。主要获得以下结果：儿童最普遍的攻击形式是身体攻击．言语攻击和间接攻击的发生率较低;大多数攻击行为属于主动性攻击和工具性攻击;男孩的攻击行为总体上多于女孩．但女孩的间接攻击多于男孩;儿童的攻击性在3-4岁之间无显著变化,但敌意性攻击存在随年龄增长而增加的趋势;3-4岁儿童攻击性的个别差异已具有明显的稳定性。     

Multidisciplinary creativity: the case of Herbert A. Simon

In the twentieth century, no person epitomized more dramatically the “Renaissance mind” than Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001). In aworking life spanning over 60 years, Simon made seminal contributions to administrative theory, axiomatic foundations of physics, economics, sociology, econometrics, cognitive psychology, logic of scientific discovery, and artificial intelligence. Simon's life of the mind, thus, affords nothing less than a “laboratory” in which to observe and examine at close quarters the phenomenon of multidisciplinary creativity. In this paper, we attempt to shed some light on the nature of Simon's creativity and the nature of his particular Renaissance mind. In particular, we have attempted here to articulate the cognitive style underlying Simon's multidisciplinary creativity.     

The Duke Religion Index: A Psychometric Investigation

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Duke Religion Index (DRI) in two separate samples (n ₁=628, n ₂=243) of college students enrolled in randomly selected courses. An exploratory factor analysis of the DRI in the first sample supported a one-factor structure. A subsequent confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample confirmed this model. The internal consistency was excellent in both samples. A significant, positive correlation was found between the DRI and a measure of religious beliefs, supporting the convergent validity of the DRI. These findings provide further support for the reliability and construct validity of the DRI.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术研究中的哲理

冠状动脉旁路移植术被广泛用来治疗冠心病及其并发症,其发展历程体现了以人为本、全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观.科学发展观属于重要的哲学思想,它从世界现和方法论的角度认识、把握和指导发展,是顺应时代潮流的发展现.分析冠状动脉旁路移植术研究所体现的科学发展观,将对准确把握冠状动脉旁路移植术发展的趋向和特点,使我国冠脉外科的发展在21世纪赶超国际先进水平起到重要的作用.     

经络实质的思辨

通过对古人认识经络方法的综合分析,结合现代有关研究,论证了经络是古人在总结对人体生命现象多方面客观认识的基础上,经过古代哲学抽象所形成的理论路线图,而非一种独立的客观实体.肯定了腧穴-脏腑相关性的存在,否定了循经感传即经络的假说,并强调了研究人体体表-脏腑相关性的重要性.     

Issues and Strategies for Studying Latino Student Dropout at the Local Level

Latino student dropout is a national concern that must also be addressed strategically in local communities. Although national studies are important for pointing out areas of concern, local studies can provide more specific information for local policy development and implementation. This paper presents an example of local community-initiated needs assessment that addresses issues of Latino access to education. Focus groups and interviews were held with Latino students, parents, and community leaders as well as teachers and administrators. Issues and strategies of the needs assessment process are presented, which include involving key stakeholders, engaging community members as research partners, and engaging school personnel. General findings are presented and linked to accomplishments of the needs assessment process, such as increasing community awareness of issues and building commitment to implement strategies identified to reduce Latino student dropout.     

中学生心理素质特点的初步研究

运用问卷调查和因素分析等量性研究方法 ,结合技术性文献分析、开放性译码、主轴译码等扎根理论质性研究方法 ,对中学生心理素质概念和成分进行了探讨。中学生心理素质是以生理条件为基础的 ,将外在获得的东西内化成稳定的、基本的、衍生的 ,并与人的社会适应行为和创造行为密切联系的心理品质 ,包含认知特性、个性和适应性三个维度 ,具体化为 1 8个因素成分。编制的中学生心理素质量表具有较高的信度和效度。中学生心理素质表现出性别、年级的特点 ,从年级发展趋势来看 ,呈现高二 >初二 >初一 >高一 >高三 >初三的年级发展走向。     

贫困优秀学生的人格特征研究

本文以关注贫困优秀学生的全面健康发展为目的,以上海市久隆模范中学的贫困优秀学生为被试．采用中小学团体智力量表、SCL-90心理健康自评量表、Y-G人格测验、学习适应性测验四种测查工具,结果发现①贫困优秀学生具有很好的学习潜能,其学习的适应性高、学习的能动性强：②由于长期生活在贫困家庭,贫困优秀学生的心理健康水平较低,其性格也存在一定的缺陷,需要社会、学校给予更多的关心和引导;③对贫困优秀生的健康人格的培养和教育胜于知识的教育,只有一以贯之地予以心理支持方能使其知识、能力、人格和谐地发展。     

国外政治心理学研究的现状与展望

政治心理学是研究政治过程和心理过程相互作用规律的科学。本文论述了国外政治心理学发展的历史背景与进程,阐明了目前国外政治心理学研究的现状：对政治个体、政治群体、国际政治的研究。分析了国外政治心理学未来的发展方向：理论化和系统化;重视政治心理学双向互动机制的研究;关注国际政治中的心理问题;研究方法兼收并蓄。     

Psychometric properties of the Conners-3 and Conners Early Childhood Indexes in a Spanish school population

Ba#ckground/Obje#ctive: To examine the psychometric properties of the Conners 3 ADHD Index (Conners 3 AI) and the Conners Early Children Global Index (Conners ECGI) parents’ form (PF) and teachers’ form (TF) in Spanish schoolers. Method: Two-phase cross-sectional study. In the first phase, information was gathered from teachers (n = 1,796) and parents (n = 882) of 4-5 and 10-11 year-old children. In the second phase (n = 196), children at risk of ADHD and controls were individually assessed. Results: The results confirmed the two-factor structure of the Conners 3 ADHD Index, which contains hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms, and the two-factor structure of the Conners ECGI PF, consisting of emotional lability and restless-impulsive symptoms. In contrast with the original version, the Conners ECGI TF presented an additional inattentive factor. Moderate-to-high rates of evidence of convergent validity with Child Behavior Checklist and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia, and evidence of external validity (academic achievement) were found. Scores were significantly higher in boys than in girls, for both indexes. Raw scores corresponding to clinical T-scores were higher than the original version. Conclusions: The Conners indexes may be considered reliable and valid instruments for detecting ADHD symptoms in Spanish populations.