合理情绪行为疗法在士兵情绪疏导中的应用

合理情绪行为疗法强调认知对人的行为的决定作用,它提供了一种帮助战胜不合理信念、改变不良情绪的有效方式。把合理情绪行为疗法应用于士兵的情绪疏导工作中,对部队的稳定和发展具有积极的现实意义。     

One hundred years of neuropsychology in Japan: Retrospect and prospect

The development of neuropsychology in Japan since the end of the 19th century will be outlined, including a number of pioneering works that gave a scientific basis to contemporary Japanese neuropsychology. The activities of societies/associations of related disciplines as well as the educational systems of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, which represents in Japan an interdisciplinary field, will be described. After national and international activities are mentioned, a review of significant Japanese contributions to main topics in neuropsychology will be given in some detail: dementia, memory disorders, frontal lobe syndromes, aphasia-alexia-agraphia, callosal syndromes, and specific right hemisphere syndromes. The issues of these interdisciplinary scientific investigations have found application in language and cognitive disabilities of brain-damaged patients, as well as evaluation of medical treatments and comedical rehabilitational efforts, care, and counseling. Finally, some comments will be presented on possible and desirable developments of Japanese neuropsychology in the future.     

The Effects of Self-Correction Versus Traditional Spelling on the Spelling Performance and Maintenance of Third Grade Students

We examined the effect of self-correction versus a traditional spelling approach on the acquisition and maintenance of written spelling of elementary school students enrolled in third grade. Six students, who were at risk for spelling failure, served as subjects. During self-correction, students used a form with five columns that contained correct pre-written models of spelling words. After reviewing the word list, students folded back the first column, which contained the words. Then, they listened to their spelling list on individual cassette players and spelled each word in turn in the subsequent columns of the form. Students checked their spelling responses by unfolding the first column and matching their responses to the sample. Each correct spelling response was marked with a C incorrect spellings were fixed by writing the correct orthography above the word. During traditional spelling, students wrote each spelling word five times, using a pre-written model as a guide. Results showed a functional relationship between self-correction and improved spelling performance. Five of the six maintained a higher number of posttests words on maintenance probes. All students preferred the self-correction method over the traditional spelling method.     

自我提升的利与弊：理论、实证及应用

自我提升的适应价值问题目前备受心理学家关注。进化与认知神经科学研究者认为自我提升在演化史中具有潜在的适应价值, 它具有生物遗传性; 而社会心理学家发现, 自我提升在现实中的表现是利弊参半的, 主要存在三种理论解释：调节因素论、生态比拟论、多维多功能模型; 临床咨询心理学家在实践中提出的发展适应性自我提升的建议, 有助于趋利避害地将自我提升加以应用。未来的研究将聚焦于测量的改进、文化、发展及内隐研究等领域。     

药物经济学在疾病管理中的应用

随着近年来慢性病患者的增多,慢性病防治成本的增加,各国政府急需一种方法来降低慢性病患者医疗保健费用,减少卫生资源的浪费;而疾病管理作为解决上述问题的一种有效模式,本文讲述了其定义以及其实施的动因。同时指出药物经济学作为疾病管理中有效的评价工具及其在改善卫生保健资源利用方面的重大作用,阐述了其定义和评价方法,及其在疾病管理中应用时的选取,然后描述了其应用过程中存在的问题及解决对策。     

我国产后抑郁评估与诊断方法应用现状分析

早期评估与诊断是产后抑郁预防干预的第一步,通过分析国内产后抑郁评估与诊断方法的应用现状,为提高评估与诊断结果的科学性提供依据。发现爱丁堡产后抑郁量表为筛查首选量表,分析显示采用同一种量表和不同量表进行评估的检出率均有较大差异。因此,应根据研究特点选择适宜的筛查量表以提高不同研究结果的可比性,同时,需加强量表分界值本土化的研究。     

人工神经网络在临床应用中的伦理思考

现代临床医学中的海量信息具有非线性特质,人工神经网络的自我学习、记忆和归纳功能,刚好适应了医学的新发展,在医学领域有良好的应用前景。事实上,人工神经网络临床应用的理论研究成果丰富,但商业应用并不多见。本文探讨人工神经网络在临床应用中可能引发的社会伦理争议,对其临床适用范围进行初步的论述。     

Lying on Job Applications: The Effects of Job Relevance,Commission, and Human Resource Management Experience

This research examined three factors related to misrepresentations on job applications: the job relevance of the information, the effects of overt misrepresentation compared to omission, and the impact of human resource (HR) management experience. Dependent measures included the extent to which misrepresentations were perceived as lies and influenced hiring intentions. In general, higher job relevance and overt misrepresentations increased the perception of misrepresentations as lies and decreased the hiring intentions. Further, persons with HR management experience were less likely to see misrepresentations as lies and more likely to hire applicants. Implications for future research and managerial practice are discussed.

人际认知中刻板印象激活和应用的影响因素剖析

刻板印象的激活和应用是自动化的这一观点在心理学中占据了将近40年,直到近几年的一些研究才对此提出了挑战,表明刻板印象是可控的,会受到知觉者的目的和意图等因素的影响。本文从知觉者的目的、自我增强的目的和避免偏见的动机三个角度详细分析了其对刻板印象激活和应用的影响。     

没有SCI论文和科研成果不能成为好医生吗?

通过分析《科学引文索引》(science citation index,SCI)论文和科研成果与医生的衡量标准、临床工作、技术水平、考核和晋升的关系以及探讨SCI论文被引用的价值和科研成果的实践检验、临床应用,厘清做一个好医生与发表SCI论文及取得科研成果的关系,明确SCI论文和科研成果是综合评价、全面考核医生的指标之一;医生要以医为本,以研为辅,这是做一个好医生的坦途;没有SCI论文和科研成果可以做一个好医生,有了与临床相结合的SCI论文和科研成果,能够做一个更好的医生.