From crisis of evidence to a “crisis” of relevance? Incentive-based answers for social psychology’s perennial relevance worries

Current controversies in social psychology have sparked the promotion of new rules for evidence in the field. This “crisis of evidence” echoes prior concerns from the 1970s about a so-called “crisis of social psychology”, with such issues as replication and statistical significance once more under examination. I argue that parallel concerns about the relevance of our research, raised but not completely resolved in the 1970s crisis, also deserve a fresh look. In particular, the advances made in the current crisis of evidence came about because of changes in academic career incentives, particularly publishing. Today, many voices in psychology urge greater respect for relevance in topics, methods and communication, but the lack of clear and concrete incentives to do so has stood in the way of answers. I diagnose the current incentive structures, propose partial solutions that are within the reach of journal editors and professional societies, and conclude by discussing the links between relevance and evidence, as well as special challenges to the relevance of social psychology post-2016.     

Internal health locus of control predicts willingness to track health behaviors online and with smartphone applications

Given rising technology use across all demographic groups, digital interventions offer a potential strategy for increasing access to health information and care. Research is lacking on identifying individual differences that impact willingness to use digital interventions, which may affect patient engagement. Health locus of control, the amount of control an individual believes they have over their own health, may predict willingness to use mobile health (mHealth) applications (‘apps’) and online trackers. A cross-sectional study (n = 276) was conducted to assess college students’ health locus of control beliefs and willingness to use health apps and online trackers. Internal and powerful other health locus of control beliefs predicted willingness to use health apps and online trackers while chance health locus of control beliefs did not. Individuals with internal and powerful other health locus of control beliefs are more willing than those with chance health locus of control beliefs to utilize a form of technology to monitor or change health behaviors. Health locus of control is an easy-to-assess patient characteristic providers can measure to identify which patients are more likely to utilize mHealth apps and online trackers.     

元认知:态度与说服研究的新视角

态度元认知指个体对所持态度的主观判断(如态度是否正确、重要与否等),是态度强度的重要维度,并能在态度说服过程中发挥关键作用。首先介绍态度元认知的主要成分(态度确定性、重要性及矛盾性),然后重点阐述新近对态度说服元认知过程的解释模型:认知加工精细程度模型(ELM),内隐-外显双过程模型(APE)和元认知模型(MCM),并从来源属性(来源可信度)、受众属性(情绪及身体动作)、信息属性(信息与受众的匹配程度)和情景四个方面阐释了影响说服元认知过程的因素。未来可以在态度元认知成分及其影响、说服元认知过程的心理机制、态度元认知神经机制等方面展开进一步研究。     

浅谈神经干细胞在临床应用中的伦理问题

神经干细胞在治疗中枢神经系统退形性病变中发挥重要作用,但在其移植治疗中也面临着一些问题,例如伦理问题及技术问题。如何合理地引导人们正确地认识这项研究,消除对神经干细胞移植治疗的种种误解,使全社会都能客观理性地面对这一新兴医疗技术,看到这一技术的巨大应用前景是我们要继续努力的目标。     

Psychoanalytic application and psychoanalytic integrity

In this article, the author offers an analysis of psychoanalytic application, defined as the breaking of new conceptual ground in some field of knowledge whereby the new idea is conceived, and later articulated, with the aid of reference to analogous phenomena in psychoanalysis. It requires apt analogy based on competent understanding of the applied field and of psychoanalysis. Only when the relevant differences between the applied and psychoanalytic fields are grasped can the extent of certain parallels emerge. The thinking by analogy that comprises psychoanalytic application may be intuitive and implicit, but should be susceptible of explicit theoretical elaboration that specifies, precisely, the point(s) of correspondence between psychoanalysis and the applied field in relation to a precise specification of their relevant differences. Applied psychotherapy at the interface of the internal and external worlds (historically rooted in casework) is employed as a model. By analogy with Donnet's concept of the analytic site, the author proposes the concept of the psychodynamic (case)work site, and elaborates it for that applied field in order to elucidate the proposed principles of psychoanalytic application.     

学习者生成图解对说明文阅读理解和应用的效果

在112名大学生被试阅读难度不同的两种材料并解答相关的理解题和应用题时,按照阅读时是否要求生成图解与答题时是否允许生成图解两个条件将他们平均分为四个小组,探讨阅读画图与答题画图对被试理解和应用不同难度材料的影响。结果表明,阅读时学习者生成的图解可显著促进对难度较高材料的理解;答题时学习者生成的图解可显著促进对难度较低材料的应用;阅读时是否画图与答题时是否画图对理解和应用所学习材料没有显著交互作用。     

干细胞研究中的多向立体思维方法

干细胞研究取得了里程碑式的进展,在临床疾病的预防和治疗中具有广阔的应用前景,这些研究成果凝聚了各国研究人员的集体智慧,多向立体思维方法得到了充分体现.     

绘画艺术疗法在临床应用中的广阔前景

绘画艺术疗法在欧美地区已经得到广泛的应用,成为了心理咨询与治疗的主要技术之一,但在我国是近10年来才开始兴起。绘画艺术疗法作为一种独特的心理治疗手段,在精神分裂症、抑郁症、儿童孤独症、癌症等其他临床疾病的治疗过程均有着独特的疗效。本文将从其理论和作用机制、临床应用现状及应用前景等方面进行阐述。     

论唐宋时期易学在南诏、大理国都城建设中的运用

唐宋时期的大理是南诏、大理国等六个王朝和政权五百多年的京畿之地,是11世纪世界十四座大城市之一和亚洲文化十字路口的古都.自汉代传人云南洱海地区的易学对南诏、大理国的政治思想、宗教教育、建筑规划、城市布局、艺术创作等皆产生了极其重要的作用和深远的影响.本文通过作者对南诏、大理国都城的系统研究,从王都的选址、整体规划布局及建筑格式与风格等方面来论述易学运用对中国南方少数民族王朝都城建设和规划的影响.     

肝脏X受体研究在心血管疾病中的应用展望

肝脏X受体(Liver X Receptor,LXR)是新近研究比较深入的一个热点话题,LXR主要参与胆固醇代谢和转运、脂肪代谢、糖原异生和炎症等过程。本文在LXR的结构、功能、其激动剂及其可能的临床作用、未来的研究方向等多个方面进行了详细的阐述。