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71.
Daravan Rongmuang Colleen Corte Linda L. McCreary Chang G. Park Arlene Miller Agatha Gallo 《Body image》2011,8(4):396-403
Our aim in the present study was to identify key components of physical appearance among young Thai women. Free listings, focus groups and pile sorting were used. One-hundred twenty young women generated 78 unique physical appearance characteristics. Ninety-four nursing students validated these characteristics in focus groups and then sorted them into piles that reflected separate domains of physical appearance and labeled them. Salience analysis revealed that facial appearance (e.g., bright facial skin, high nose bridge, big eyes) was the most important domain, followed by body weight and shape, skin color and texture, hair (color, texture, length), and ‘other’ physical appearance (e.g., slender neck, slim fingers). This is the first study to identify aspects of physical appearance that are most salient to young Thai women and that may differ from women in other cultural contexts. These findings could be used to develop culturally grounded measures of physical appearance in Thai women. 相似文献
72.
With only two to five slots of visual working memory (VWM), humans are able to quickly solve complex visual problems to near optimal solutions. To explain the paradox between tightly constrained VWM and impressively complex human visual problem-solving ability, we propose several principles for dynamic VWM allocation. In particular, we propose that complex visual information is represented in a temporal manner using only a few slots of VWM that include global and local visual chunks. We built a model of human traveling salesman problem solving based on these principles of VWM allocation and tested the model with eye-movement data. Exactly as the model predicted, human eye movements during traveling salesman problem solving have precise quantitative regularities with regard to both the general statistical pattern of attentional fixations and how they vary across individuals with different VWM capacities. Even though VWM capacity is very limited, eye movements dynamically allocate VWM resources to both local and global information, enabling attention to fine details without loss of the big picture. 相似文献
73.
The study examined similarities and differences between people having individualist and collectivist cultural orientations
in terms of what they perceive as stressful and uplifting experiences in their daily lives, and the relation between daily
experiences and family and life satisfaction. Data were collected from two representative community samples (697 Jews and
303 Arabs). Each sample was grouped into individualist and collectivist cultural orientations. The two cultural orientation
groups differed with respect to the appraisal of positive and negative daily experiences. A structural equation modeling (SEM)
multi-group analysis indicated a similar factor structure for hassles and uplifts in both groups. However, the two groups
differed in the effects of positive and negative daily occurrences on family and life satisfaction. 相似文献
74.
A new instrument of individualism and collectivism (I/C) was developed and three key issues in I/C measurement were addressed: differentiating components of I/C, understanding the impact of reference groups, and testing of measurement invariance. Three components of I/C were assessed in China and the U.S.: independence, competitiveness, and uniqueness for individualism; considering of one’s decisions on others, sharing of positive outcomes, and sharing of negative outcomes for collectivism. Collectivism was measured with respect to parents, friends, and general others. Results indicate that Chinese participants are less unique but more independent and competitive than their counterparts in the U.S. The expected cultural difference is found for parent collectivism across all three components and for sharing negative outcome with respect to all three reference groups. These results suggest that individualism is a multidimensional construct, whereas the dimensionality of collectivism appears to be a function of social distance. Measurement invariance was tested at configural, factor loading, and intercept levels for all components of I/C. 相似文献
75.
Christa Salamandra 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(3):177-189
Dramatic television serials produced in Syria reach vast audiences in the Arab world and beyond, via a growing number of pan-Arab
satellite stations owned by wealthy, religiously conservative Gulf Cooperation Council states and citizens. Drama creators
must now accommodate new markets and numerous censors. Privatization and the rise of a star system have spurred transformations
within the industry that reflect the wider social and political context. The demise of Ba‘th socialism, the failures of nationalism,
and the growing strength of Islamism affect both production and consumption of television programs, and transform relations
within the industry. This paper explores how the television drama industry both accommodates and resists the Islamist currents
that seek to provide alternatives to discredited nationalist and socialist projects.
相似文献
Christa SalamandraEmail: |
76.
Ligia M. Chavez Leida Matías-Carrelo Concepcion Barrio Glorisa Canino 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(1):72-86
We reviewed the Spanish translation of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument-Research Version (YQOL-R) and culturally adapted
the measure with Puerto Rican and Mexican American children and adolescents. The YQOL-R is a self-reported measure that includes
four domains: Sense of Self, Social Relationships, Environment, and General Quality of Life. A total of 10 focus groups were
conducted with children aged 9 to 11, adolescents aged 12 to 17, their parents, and mental health providers. Five focus groups
were conducted in San Diego, California and five in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Eligible participants were recruited from children’s
outpatient psychiatry clinics. We followed an iterative and recursive process in reviewing changes and modifications to the
instrument using a bilingual committee and a Multi National Bilingual Committee. Greater semantic, content, and technical
equivalence of the Spanish and English versions for the YQOL-R was achieved for the two largest U.S. Latino subgroups: Mexican
Americans and Puerto Ricans. The cultural adaptation process revealed several important issues regarding the measurement of
quality of life in different age groups. Additional items for school, relationships (both family and friends) and spare time
suggested the need for a future children’s version of the instrument. For the adolescents, additional items were suggested
in the areas of sexuality, intergenerational conflict and acculturative stress. 相似文献
77.
Carmelo Ardito Paolo Buono Maria Francesca Costabile Rosa Lanzilotti Antonio Piccinno 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):79-86
Interaction design of mobile systems is a complex activity because it requires considering new usability and user experience
aspects in order to exploit the peculiar characteristics of mobile devices, such as their pervasive and ubiquitous nature.
This paper discusses issues about designing, developing and evaluating mobile systems. Italy has a rich cultural heritage,
and the focus in this study is on the design of systems that enable interactive exploration of historical sites, not only
for enhancing the user experience but also for learning purposes. The experience of the researchers at the Interaction, Visualisation
and Usability lab, University of Bari, Italy, in designing a mobile learning system, called Explore!, which supports young
students learning ancient history during a visit to archaeological parks, is reported. The evaluation of Explore! through
systematic field studies shows that the adopted approach is able to transform the visit to archaeological parks into a more
complete and culturally rich experience. 相似文献
78.
Till Grüne-Yanoff 《Synthese》2009,169(3):539-555
It is often claimed that artificial society simulations contribute to the explanation of social phenomena. At the hand of
a particular example, this paper argues that artificial societies often cannot provide full explanations, because their models
are not or cannot be validated. Despite that, many feel that such simulations somehow contribute to our understanding. This
paper tries to clarify this intuition by investigating whether artificial societies provide potential explanations. It is
shown that these potential explanations, if they contribute to our understanding, considerably differ from potential causal
explanations. Instead of possible causal histories, simulations offer possible functional analyses of the explanandum. The paper discusses how these two kinds explanatory strategies differ, and how potential functional explanations can be
appraised. 相似文献
79.
Categorical perception (CP) is said to occur when a continuum of equally spaced physical changes is perceived as unequally spaced as a function of category membership (Harnad, S. (Ed.) (1987). Psychophysical and cognitive aspects of categorical perception: A critical overview. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). A common suggestion is that CP for color arises because perception is qualitatively distorted when we learn to categorize a dimension. Contrary to this view, we here report that English speakers show no evidence of lowered discrimination thresholds at the boundaries between blue and green categories even though CP is found at these boundaries in a supra-threshold task. Furthermore, there is no evidence of different discrimination thresholds between individuals from two language groups (English and Korean) who use different color terminology in the blue-green region and have different supra-threshold boundaries. Our participants’ just noticeable difference (JND) thresholds suggest that they retain a smooth continuum of perceptual space that is not warped by stretching at category boundaries or by within-category compression. At least for the domain of color, categorical perception appears to be a categorical, but not a perceptual phenomenon. 相似文献
80.
AYSEGUL OZERDEM M.D. PH.D. MERAL OGUZ DAVID MIKLOWITZ PH.D. CAN CIMILLI 《Family process》2009,48(3):417-428
Family-focused therapy (FFT) is a 9-month, 21-session structured psychoeducational treatment for bipolar disorder. Several US-based studies have documented its efficacy as adjunctive to medication for depression stabilization and relapse prevention. However, FFT has never been applied outside of the United States. The objective of this case series is to explore the applicability of FFT in a non-Western culture. Ten patients with bipolar disorder and their family members attended the 9-month FFT as adjunctive to pharmacotherapy in an outpatient specialty clinic in Izmir, Turkey. Patients improved in Global Assessment of Functioning Scores and Clinical Global Impression Scores from pre- to posttreatment. Case studies are given, which illustrate the differences between Western and non-Western families coping with bipolar disorder. FFT was easily applied to a Turkish sample with few changes in format or focus. Adaptations included substitution of oral for written therapeutic tasks or homework assignments. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test the clinical effectiveness of FFT and other psychosocial interventions in non-Western cultures. 相似文献