全球性道德危机与道德重建——麦金泰尔道德哲学意蕴

作为当代西方道德伦理学家的麦金太尔,一直以来都关注着社会伦理道德理论研究与现实状况：本文正是对其在道德危机领域的研究做了简单的梳理,对其关于当今全球性道德危机产生的根源及其重建进行了归纳与概括,     

Anxiety and bodily symptoms under the threat of missile attacks: The israeli scene

Abstract

The present research, conducted in Israel during the recent “Desert Storm” operation in the Gulf, sets out to assess the degree of anxiety and bodily symptoms of Israeli citizens, threatened by Scud missile attacks and undergoing a period of acute stress. Data were gathered via questionnaires distributed during the crisis period to over 500 respondents, most of them residing in Haifa, one of the high-risk areas for the missile attacks at the time. State anxiety was reported to be highly elevated during the crisis period, in comparison with norm group data collected during normal times. The most frequently reported bodily symptoms were changes in eating habits (loss of appetite or overeating), fatigue, and insomnia. Women reported more anxiety and bodily symptoms, on average, than men, as well as higher tension, fear and depression. The younger adults in the sample reported more anxiety and bodily symptoms, as well as tension, fear and depression, than their older counterparts. Lower levels of fear and depression were reported at the later stages of the crisis than at the earlier ones; most stress indicators evidenced lower levels with the passage of time. Finally, a strong positive relationship between anxiety and bodily symptoms was found, over and above the contribution of background variables and response tendencies. The possible explanations for the effects of background variables, as well as the strong relationship between anxiety and symptoms reported, are discussed.     

The media's presentation of human rights during the financial crisis: framing the ‘issues’

As forms of employment and migration changed, the financial crisis which began in 2007 affected the human rights of individuals, particularly those in developing countries. How the media reported on these consequences is essential in understanding how and why public and political perceptions of the importance of human rights may have changed since the crisis began. Using quantitative and qualitative analysis of major newspapers in the UK and the USA, this paper seeks to understand the ways in which the media presented the relationship between the negative changes in the economy and human rights. The analysis of the findings uses framing theory to understand how the text in news articles communicates the relevance of human rights to readers before concluding with some further avenues for research.     

Person‐centred counsellors' experiences of working with clients in crisis: A qualitative interview study

Aims: This study aims to explore and understand person‐centred therapists’ experiences and work with clients at the pivotal point of crisis. Specifically: how do person‐centred therapists experience working with clients in crisis? Do they identify differences in crisis intervention compared to non‐crisis work? What do they perceive as helpful to crisis clients? How relevant are therapists' own experiences of crisis? Method: Participants were all experienced person‐centred therapists. Qualitative, semi‐structured interviews were conducted and the data were analysed qualitatively using person‐centred/phenomenological methodology. Results: Respondents identified differences in their experiences. Typically, therapists described polarity in their experience of danger and opportunity, also heightened energy levels within themselves, perceived higher levels of engagement, faster pace of work, experiences of reaching ‘relational depth’ earlier, and the importance of assisting symbolisation of clients' experience in awareness. Clients were experienced as vulnerable, unable to access previous coping mechanisms, in a state of breakdown and disintegration, but also as wide open, having dropped their usual defences, and more available to engage in therapy and enter the process of change and potential post‐crisis growth. Discussion: The findings are discussed in relation to prevailing models of crisis intervention, person‐centred theory and theoretical developments in post‐traumatic growth in the aftermath of crisis.     

TURNING STONES INTO BREAD: DEVELOPING SYNERGISTIC SCIENCE/RELIGION APPROACHES TO THE WORLD FOOD CRISIS

The Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS) has a long history of delivering conferences addressing topics of interest in the field of science and religion. The following papers from the 2013 summer conference on “The Scientific, Spiritual, and Moral Challenges in Solving the World Food Crisis” are, in keeping with the eclectic nature of these conferences, very different in content and approach. Such differences underline the challenges of synergistically combining scientific and religious insights to increase understanding of global problems and their possible solutions. This in turn reflects deeper questions about the purpose and nature of the science/religion dialogue. These papers suggest various ways in which the two perspectives can be combined in the pursuit of building better understandings of food‐related issues, as well as highlighting difficulties and limitations which need to be addressed if the fruits of such dialogue are to make a wider impact. As such they serve as useful pointers for how this type of science/religion interaction might be further developed and deployed.     

La pratique du psychologue en Ehpad en période de crise sanitaire : comment maintenir le soin psychique ?

Nursing homes were particularly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic during the two waves of contamination in 2020. Caregivers had no previous support and knowledge to think this crisis. The confinement, the sanitary rules came to reinforce the split between the external world and the interior of these establishments. Everyone was active, in an almost maniacal movement, to reject the death's anxiety. It is in a transitional space between inside and outside that the role and the practice of the psychologist have found their full meaning, by trying to maintain a fragile link with the familiar. From a clinical situation illustrating the evolution of the link between an elderly resident in nursing home, Mrs. O. and her daughter, this article attempts to show how the psychologist needs to reorient his intervention framework, by flirting with limits of it. Not only did this crisis provide irrefutable proof of our vulnerability, but it also allowed us to exploit new resources in our practices.     

儿童心理危机的干预策略

地震突发性强,危害严重,往往使儿童产生思维不清、意志失控、情感紊乱等心理危机,如果不及时进行心理疏导,儿童可能长期沉浸在痛苦中难以自拔,身心健康受到影响,最终酿成精神疾病,影响其一生。通过概括疏理7种常用儿童心理危机干预策略,以期为灾后儿童心理危机提供参考     

焦点解决短期治疗对青少年心理危机干预的哲学思辨

采用维特根斯坦的“图像说”和“语言游戏说”,对比了对青少年心理危机干预中当事人语言表达的不同理解。后基于“语言游戏说”,总结了焦点解决短期治疗在心理危机干预中的具体实践方法,突出体现了其受到维特根斯坦语言哲学的影响,把心理干预的关注点放在对当事人语言本身的诠释上,把治疗结果看作摆脱语言设限后的各种可能性上,进而为化解危机找到各种更为便捷的途径。也体现了焦点解决短期治疗是一种有别于传统认识论的干预模式,是一种在哲学思维上的干预。