Issues and Strategies for Studying Latino Student Dropout at the Local Level

Latino student dropout is a national concern that must also be addressed strategically in local communities. Although national studies are important for pointing out areas of concern, local studies can provide more specific information for local policy development and implementation. This paper presents an example of local community-initiated needs assessment that addresses issues of Latino access to education. Focus groups and interviews were held with Latino students, parents, and community leaders as well as teachers and administrators. Issues and strategies of the needs assessment process are presented, which include involving key stakeholders, engaging community members as research partners, and engaging school personnel. General findings are presented and linked to accomplishments of the needs assessment process, such as increasing community awareness of issues and building commitment to implement strategies identified to reduce Latino student dropout.     

中学生心理素质特点的初步研究

运用问卷调查和因素分析等量性研究方法 ,结合技术性文献分析、开放性译码、主轴译码等扎根理论质性研究方法 ,对中学生心理素质概念和成分进行了探讨。中学生心理素质是以生理条件为基础的 ,将外在获得的东西内化成稳定的、基本的、衍生的 ,并与人的社会适应行为和创造行为密切联系的心理品质 ,包含认知特性、个性和适应性三个维度 ,具体化为 1 8个因素成分。编制的中学生心理素质量表具有较高的信度和效度。中学生心理素质表现出性别、年级的特点 ,从年级发展趋势来看 ,呈现高二 >初二 >初一 >高一 >高三 >初三的年级发展走向。     

贫困优秀学生的人格特征研究

本文以关注贫困优秀学生的全面健康发展为目的,以上海市久隆模范中学的贫困优秀学生为被试．采用中小学团体智力量表、SCL-90心理健康自评量表、Y-G人格测验、学习适应性测验四种测查工具,结果发现①贫困优秀学生具有很好的学习潜能,其学习的适应性高、学习的能动性强：②由于长期生活在贫困家庭,贫困优秀学生的心理健康水平较低,其性格也存在一定的缺陷,需要社会、学校给予更多的关心和引导;③对贫困优秀生的健康人格的培养和教育胜于知识的教育,只有一以贯之地予以心理支持方能使其知识、能力、人格和谐地发展。     

国外政治心理学研究的现状与展望

政治心理学是研究政治过程和心理过程相互作用规律的科学。本文论述了国外政治心理学发展的历史背景与进程,阐明了目前国外政治心理学研究的现状：对政治个体、政治群体、国际政治的研究。分析了国外政治心理学未来的发展方向：理论化和系统化;重视政治心理学双向互动机制的研究;关注国际政治中的心理问题;研究方法兼收并蓄。     

Psychometric properties of the Conners-3 and Conners Early Childhood Indexes in a Spanish school population

Ba#ckground/Obje#ctive: To examine the psychometric properties of the Conners 3 ADHD Index (Conners 3 AI) and the Conners Early Children Global Index (Conners ECGI) parents’ form (PF) and teachers’ form (TF) in Spanish schoolers. Method: Two-phase cross-sectional study. In the first phase, information was gathered from teachers (n = 1,796) and parents (n = 882) of 4-5 and 10-11 year-old children. In the second phase (n = 196), children at risk of ADHD and controls were individually assessed. Results: The results confirmed the two-factor structure of the Conners 3 ADHD Index, which contains hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive symptoms, and the two-factor structure of the Conners ECGI PF, consisting of emotional lability and restless-impulsive symptoms. In contrast with the original version, the Conners ECGI TF presented an additional inattentive factor. Moderate-to-high rates of evidence of convergent validity with Child Behavior Checklist and Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia, and evidence of external validity (academic achievement) were found. Scores were significantly higher in boys than in girls, for both indexes. Raw scores corresponding to clinical T-scores were higher than the original version. Conclusions: The Conners indexes may be considered reliable and valid instruments for detecting ADHD symptoms in Spanish populations.     

Sexist attitudes and beliefs during adolescence: A longitudinal study of gender differences

The aim of this study was to examine changes in sexist attitudes and beliefs in a group of Spanish adolescents over a period of three consecutive years, with specific attention being paid to gender differences. Participants were 279 students (mean age at first assessment of 12.10 years) who, in each of the three years, completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Questionnaire on Attitudes towards Diversity and Violence. Longitudinal analysis showed that hostile sexism did not vary over time, whereas scores on benevolent sexism and on sexist beliefs and justification of violence all fell between the ages of 12 and 14, there being an equivalent decrease in boys and girls. Boys scored significantly higher than girls on hostile sexism, as well as on sexist beliefs. These results illustrate how sexist attitudes and beliefs change during adolescence and provide further confirmation that these variables show gender differences from an early age.     

流动儿童压力应对方式与抑郁感、社交焦虑的关系:一项追踪研究

为了探讨流动儿童压力应对方式与抑郁感、社交焦虑的变化特点及其动态关系,本研究通过整群抽样法从5所北京市公立学校和1所打工子弟学校选取1164名流动儿童,采用问卷调查的形式对其进行为期一年的追踪测查,追踪时回收有效数据680份.对前、后测均参加调查的680名被试的数据进行分析,结果发现:(1)经过一年的城市适应,流动儿童整体的积极应对增多,消极应对减少,抑郁感下降,但社交焦虑水平无明显变化;(2)流动儿童个体在压力应对、抑郁感、社交焦虑的发展上均表现出两极分化的现象,年龄越小、来京时间越短、低年级及女生流动儿童群体的发展趋势更为良好;(3)流动儿童压力应对方式与抑郁感、社交焦虑间存在相互作用的动态关系,前测压力应对方式、抑郁感、社交焦虑均能显著预测后测相应变量的水平,前后测压力应对方式对抑郁感、社交焦虑均有即时预测作用,而前测抑郁感和社交焦虑对后测压力应对方式有不同的延时性影响.     

认知风格影响学习迁移的眼动研究

用眼动追踪仪考查中学生认知风格在解决较高相似性与较低相似性几何问题中的影响。结果表明:目标问题与所学内容相似性会影响中学生几何问题解决的速度与成绩,中学生在两类几何问题解决中相关眼动指标存在显著差异;认知风格在不同迁移水平几何问题解决中存在不同的影响。     

社会支持和歧视知觉对流动儿童孤独感的影响:一项追踪研究

为了探讨流动儿童孤独感、歧视知觉、社会支持随时间变化的特点,以及社会支持、歧视知觉对孤独感的影响作用及机制,本研究从北京市公立学校和打工子弟学校选取1164名流动儿童,采用问卷调查的形式对流动儿童的孤独感、歧视知觉和社会支持进行了为期一年的追踪测查,回收有效追踪数据680份。对前、后测均参加的680名被试数据进行分析发现:(1)随着进入城市时间的增长,流动儿童的孤独感和歧视知觉显著减少,报告的社会支持显著增加;(2)流动儿童报告的社会支持、歧视知觉与孤独感之间是相互作用的动态过程。前测的歧视知觉和报告的社会支持共同影响前测孤独感;同时,前测孤独感又会影响后测歧视知觉和报告的社会支持,进而影响后测孤独感。并且在这个动态作用过程中,前、后测社会支持既能分别直接影响前、后测孤独感,前测社会支持还能通过后测社会支持和歧视知觉间接影响后测孤独感;而前、后测歧视知觉则只能分别直接影响前、后测孤独感;(3)前测歧视知觉和社会支持都不能直接影响后测的孤独感,而是需要通过影响后测歧视知觉和社会支持才能对后测的孤独感产生作用。     

Cross-Level Replication and Extension of Steel and Rentsch's (1995) Longitudinal Absence Findings

Absenteeism findings published by Steel and Rentsch (1995) were replicated and extended by correlating attitudinal, personal-demographic, and job stress variables with 34 months of work group absenteeism scores obtained on employees of a U.S. federal mint. Attitudinal and job stress results were consistent with previous findings, but results involving personal-demographic variables were not.