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11.
Emmanuel M. Pothos Ulrike Hahn Mercè Prat-Sala 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2013,25(7):1100-1120
Rips’ (1989) results with the transformational paradigm have often been cited as supporting accounts of categorisation not based on similarity, such as involving necessary or sufficient features (or a belief in such features), which guarantee a categorisation outcome once their presence has been established. We discuss a similarity account of the transformational paradigm based on similarity chains, which predicts that when the transformation is more gradual the identity of the transformed object is less likely to change. Conversely, we suggest that an essentialist approach to categorisation predicts that essences are more likely to change in gradual transformations, across generations, as is the case with evolutionary change of species. In two experiments we examined the scope of the similarity versus the essentialist account in the transformational paradigm. With space aliens, the similarity account was superior to the essentialist one, but the converse was true with earth creatures. We suggest that an essentialist mode of categorisation is more likely than a similarity one for stimuli that are in better correspondence with our naïve understanding of the world. 相似文献
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13.
Robert W. Bertram 《Zygon》2000,35(4):919-925
The Critical Process unleashed by the Enlightenment and endlessly resharpening itself to this day has mortally wounded the God of Deism, maybe also of theism, even of Christianity. A temptation of Christian theology is to retreat in denial into an updated version of Deism, seemingly granting full license to modern science but only so long as it does not impugn God's love. The alternative here proposed is to ride out The Critical Process, in fact to encourage it, all the way into modernity's crux: How can a design that is not benign still be divine? The Christian reply is: through a real death of God and of ourselves as well, and through resurrections beginning now, thus freeing The Critical Process from the illusion of insuring our survival and, instead, for the honest Enlightenment task of merely telling the truth. 相似文献
14.
Matt Rankine 《Reflective Practice》2019,20(1):97-110
Within current neoliberal discourses, critical reflection provides opportunity for innovation in social work practice. This article describes a thinking aloud process used with supervisor–supervisee dyads in community-based child welfare social work to assist critical reflection via the use of open-ended questioning and inquiry. The strength of thinking aloud permitted a deeper appreciation of how the supervision session is utilised to reflect on practice and provided a learning tool within supervision. The feedback from the dyads concurred that thinking aloud assisted in stimulating reflection, developing solutions to the key issues discussed, and was transformative in recognising areas for future development. The process of thinking aloud supports the opportunity and space for the supervisor and supervisee to articulate meaning, critically develop insight, reconstruct, and transport this into future practice. Thinking aloud offers an example of how knowledge can be co-constructed by practitioners within practice and critical reflection captured within qualitative research approaches. 相似文献
15.
Many social welfare and social work students struggle to demonstrate competence in the complex process of critical reflection through to the stage of transformed thinking and action. Examples of how students learn critical reflection as an interpretive experience are scarce. This paper presents, as a case study, the process one of the authors experienced while critically reflecting on teaching critical reflection. The paper explores how this approach unlocked disturbing insights into how personally held values, views and knowledge influenced her performance relating to teaching critical reflection. Experiencing what she asks of her students raised questions regarding the duty of care that social welfare and social work educators have to ensure their students engage in critical, and transformative, self-discovery in safe and supportive ways. We propose that in the early stages of social welfare and social work degrees, rather than assessing students’ critical reflection of an event, educators examine students’ capacity to learn critical reflection in a different way. Drawing on critical hermeneutics, and a theory of visual thinking, the paper outlines the cognitive map of a process of critical reflection on teaching critical reflection. We present this as a metaphor of walking through a rainforest. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we use Critical Reflective Practice to give voice to the experience of a Kenyan teacher who travelled to Australia to undertake advanced coursework in leadership and inclusive education studies. It also reflects upon an Australian academic as she tries to be more culturally responsive in her andragogy when teaching, supervising and mentoring postgraduate international students. We use reflective practices over an extended period to lessen the power imbalance between them as academic supervisor and postgraduate student. This eventually allowed for the student to teach and the academic to learn; and together we here shed light on what it is like to study and teach within an Australian university that annually enrols 6000 students from more than 100 countries around the globe. 相似文献
17.
The Role of the Humanities and Social Sciences in Nanotechnology Research and Development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mette Ebbesen 《Nanoethics》2008,2(1):1-13
The experience with genetically modified foods has been prominent in motivating science, industry and regulatory bodies to
address the social and ethical dimensions of nanotechnology. The overall objective is to gain the general public’s acceptance
of nanotechnology in order not to provoke a consumer boycott as it happened with genetically modified foods. It is stated
implicitly in reports on nanotechnology research and development that this acceptance depends on the public’s confidence in
the technology and that the confidence is created on the basis of information, education, openness and debate about scientific
and technological developments. Hence, it is assumed that informing and educating the public will create trust, which will
consequently lead to an acceptance of nanotechnology. Thus, the humanities and social sciences are seen as tools to achieve
public acceptance.
In this paper, the author argues that this is a narrow apprehension of the role of the humanities and social sciences. The
humanities and social sciences have a critical function asking fundamental questions and informing the public about these
reflections. This may lead to scepticism, however, the motivation for addressing the social and ethical dimensions of nanotechnology
should not be public acceptance but informed judgement. The author illustrates this critical function by discussing the role,
motivation and contribution of ethics as an example. Lastly, the author shows that a possible strategy for incorporating the
humanities and the social sciences into nanotechnology research and development is Real-Time Technology Assessment, where
the purpose is to integrate natural science and engineering investigations with ethical, legal and social science from the
outset.
相似文献
Mette EbbesenEmail: |
18.
Eveline T. Feteris 《Argumentation》2008,22(3):335-353
The author gives an analysis of the strategic manoeuvring in the justification of legal decisions from a pragma-dialectical
perspective by showing how a judge tries to reconcile dialectical and rhetorical aims. On the basis of an analysis and evaluation
of the argumentation given by the US Supreme Court in the famous Holy Trinity case, it is shown how in a case in which the
judge wants to make an exception to a legal rule for the concrete case tries to meet the dialectical reasonableness norm by
seeing to it that his standpoint is sufficiently defended according to the requirements of the burden of proof of a judge
in a rational critical discussion and how he tries at the same time to be rhetorically convincing for the legal audience by
presenting the decision as a choice that is in line with the argumentation schemes and starting points that can be considered
as accepted by the legal community in the US and by the US community as a whole.
相似文献
Eveline T. FeterisEmail: |
19.
Hans-Christoph Schmidt am Busch 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(5):573-586
The aim of the present paper is to show that Hegel’s concept of personal respect is of great interest to contemporary Critical
Theory. The author first analyzes this notion as it appears in the Philosophy of Right and then offers a new interpretation of the conceptual relation between personal respect and the institutions of (private)
property and (capitalist) markets. In doing so, he shows why Hegel’s concept of personal respect allows us to understand markets
as possible institutionalizations of this kind of recognition, and why it is compatible with a critique of neoliberal capitalism.
He argues that due to these features Hegel’s notion of personal respect is of great interest to theoreticians within the tradition
of critical theory.
相似文献
Hans-Christoph Schmidt am BuschEmail: |
20.
Nilson Guimarães Doria 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2009,43(2):116-125
Karl Popper dealt with both problems Yurevich (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 43(2), 2009, doi: 10.1007/s12124-008-9082-7) deals: the crisis in Psychology and in the discourse about the nature of science. Although he failed to provide a complete response for both problems, his proposals can yet be fruitful to the reflection on these matters in the context of the present discussion. He offers some tentative answers to what could be considered a healthy epistemic activity, something Yurevich does not provide. More interestingly, some of the Popper proposals seem to fit, and in some extent correct, the quest for “collaborative work” proposed by Zittoun et al. (Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 43(2), 2009, doi: 10.1007/s12124-008-9082-7) as a way of transforming crisis in development. 相似文献