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11.
Wayne Riggs 《Synthese》2007,158(3):329-344
It is nearly universally acknowledged among epistemologists that a belief, even if true, cannot count as knowledge if it is
somehow largely a matter of luck that the person so arrived at the truth. A striking feature of this literature, however,
is that while many epistemologists are busy arguing about which particular technical condition most effectively rules out
the offensive presence of luck in true believing, almost no one is asking why it matters so much that knowledge be immune
from luck in the first place. I argue that the best explanation for the consensus that luck undermines knowledge is that knowledge
is, complications aside, credit-worthy true believing. To make this case, I develop both the notions of luck and credit, and
sketch a theory of knowledge in those terms. Furthermore, this account also holds promise for being able to solve the “value
problem” for knowledge, and it explains why both internal and external conditions are necessary to turn true belief into knowledge.
The arguments and ideas in this paper have been in development for a while, and I would like to thank a number of people for
their contribution to that development. For many helpful discussions on these topics, In d’like to thank Steve Ellis, Linda
Zagzebski and the students in my graduate epistemology seminar—Mary Gwin, Ben Hagy, Matthew Hodge, Robert Johnson and Shyam
Patwardhan. And thanks to Karen Antell for her comments on an earlier draft 相似文献
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13.
Do Community Characteristics Relate to Young Adult College Students’ Credit Card Debt? The Hypothesized Role of Collective Institutional Efficacy 下载免费PDF全文
Terri Friedline Stacia West Nehemiah Rosell Joyce Serido Soyeon Shim 《American journal of community psychology》2017,59(1-2):80-93
This study examines the extent of emergent, outstanding credit card debt among young adult college students and investigates whether any associations existed between this credit card debt and the characteristics of the communities in which these students grew up or lived. Using data (N = 748) from a longitudinal survey and merging community characteristics measured at the zip code level, we confirmed that a community's unemployment rate, average total debt, average credit score, and number of bank branch offices were associated with a young adult college student's acquisition and accumulation of credit card debt. For example, a community's higher unemployment rate and lower number of bank branches were associated with a young adult college student's greater accumulated debt. Community characteristics had the strongest associations with credit card debt, especially after controlling for individual characteristics (i.e., a young adult college student's race and financial independence) and familial characteristics (i.e., their parents’ income and parents’ discussions of financial matters while growing up at home). The findings may help to understand the unique roles that communities play in shaping children and young adults’ financial capability, and how communities can be better capacitated to support the financial goals of their residents. 相似文献
14.
Jennifer Lackey 《Philosophical Studies》2009,142(1):27-42
A widely accepted view in recent work in epistemology is that knowledge is a cognitive achievement that is properly creditable
to those subjects who possess it. More precisely, according to the Credit View of Knowledge, if S knows that p, then S deserves credit for truly believing that p. In spite of its intuitive appeal and explanatory power, I have elsewhere argued that the Credit View is false. Various responses
have been offered to my argument and I here consider each of these objections in turn. I show that none succeeds in undermining
my argument and, thus, my original conclusion stands—the Credit View of Knowledge is false.
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Jennifer LackeyEmail: |