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151.
152.
韦纳的人际归因模型在中国被试中的适用性研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为检验韦纳等的人际归因模型,以中国中学生为被试对这一模型进行了验证。结果表明,韦纳提出的人际归因模型具有一定的文化普适性,也适合中国被试,它为改善儿童的同伴关系提供了一个新的视角。 相似文献
153.
An Attribution Theory Analysis of Romantic Jealousy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Two studies examined the utility of attribution theory (B. Weiner, 1985, 1995) in explaining romantic jealousy responses. In Study 1, by varying hypothetical scenarios according to Weiner's attribution distinction (B. Weiner, 1995), 156 undergraduates perceived jealousy to increase when an unfaithful partner's interaction with interlopers was deliberate (i.e., personal causality), controllable, intentional, and without mitigating excuses. High trait jealousy amplified these ratings but did not affect the underlying attribution relationships. Reversing the attribution-to-jealousy linkage in Study 2, 128 participants from the general population recalled jealousy episodes in their lives, then made attributions for the events and categorized them using Weiner's dimensions (B. Weiner, 1985). Jealousy was more likely when the cause of a partner's indiscretion was perceived to be internal, controllable, and intentional—although not necessarily stable. The findings verify that attribution theory identifies blame conditions that trigger jealousy responses. 相似文献
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155.
The use of vocalizations and tactile gestures by seven juvenile chimpanzees was experimentally investigated. The subjects
interacted with an experimenter who typically handed them food rewards. In some trials, however, the experimenter waited 20
s before doing so. In these trials the experimenter’s eyes were either open or closed, or the experimenter was either looking
away from the subject or looking directly at him/her inquisitively with head movements. Although the chimpanzees produced
at least one of the non-visual gestures mentioned (touching/tapping the experimenter or vocalizing) in 72% of all experimental
trials, these actions and vocalizations were deployed without regard to the attentional state of their potential recipient,
despite evidence that the subjects noticed the postures that defined the experimenter’s attentional state. The results are
discussed in the context of the distinction between the evolution of an understanding of seeing/attention as an internal mental
state versus an understanding of behavioral postures alone.
Recieved: 12 February 1999 / Accepted after revision: 18 August 1999 相似文献
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157.
《The Journal of social psychology》2012,152(3):375-395
Abstract The authors used a Saudi context to verify the cross-cultural generality of findings (A. Rodrigues & K. L. Lloyd, 1998) reported for U.S. and Brazilian samples in which compliant behavior caused by reward, informational, and referent influences was perceived as more controllable and more internal than compliant behavior resulting from legitimate, expert, and coercive influences. This differential attribution led, in turn, to different affective and behavioral responses. In the present study, cognitive and affective reactions of Saudi students were measured with regard to compliant behavior (leading to a good outcome or a bad outcome) caused by each of the 6 bases of power described by B. H. Raven (1965). As expected, power bases had significant effects. However, when the outcome of the compliant behavior was bad, compliant behavior caused by a coercive influence led to the perception of more internality and controllability. Also—and not found in previous studies—the perception of less internality and controllability of compliant behavior was caused by an informational influence. Findings are discussed in the light of related research and Saudi cultural characteristics. 相似文献
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159.
Errors differ in degree of seriousness. We asked whether preschoolers would use the magnitude of an informant's errors to decide if that informant would be a good source of information later. Four- and 5-year-olds observed two informants incorrectly label familiar objects, but one informant's errors were closer to the correct answer than the other's (e.g., one referred to a comb as a brush and the other referred to the same comb as a thunderstorm). When informants had an unambiguous view of the objects, children could identify which informant was closer to being correct, but they did not favor novel labels the “closer” informant later provided. When the informants had an ambiguous view of the objects (e.g., only the handle of the comb was visible), children preferred the novel labels provided later by the “closer” informant. Preschoolers are willing to overlook semantic errors that are close to being correct, but only when there is an understandable reason for the speaker's errors. 相似文献
160.
归因对理解和预测环境有着重要作用。归因的两阶段过程理论认为,自动化加工会衍生内归因,进一步的控制化加工才会导致外归因。社会权力会提升自动化加工倾向,因此,社会权力可能会提升基本归因错误的发生。通过四个研究,对此进行验证。研究1-3通过问卷测量,以特质性权力感作为社会权力的指标,其中研究1通过情境判断测验对基本归因错误进行测量,研究2-3采用自陈量表对基本归因错误进行测量,并对社会经济地位进行了控制。研究4则采用启动的方法启动临时性社会权力,探求社会权力与基本归因错误之间的因果关系。四个研究均得出了一致的结论:高社会权力个体更倾向于内归因。 相似文献