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研究通过三个实验,比较了普通样例和类比比较样例在学习物理综合题中的效果,并在此基础上,进一步分析两种不同类型的类比比较样例对物理综合题学习的迁移效果以及“提示”这一样例设计方法的促进作用。结果发现:(1)通过类比比较样例学习物理综合题的效果优于普通样例;(2)相比于单综概念类比比较样例,综合概念类比比较样例能更好地提高物理综合题学习的近迁移成绩,但未提高其远迁移成绩;(3)提示能明显促进类比比较样例在物理综合题学习中的作用,但不同提示类型的影响无显著差异。该结果表明:类比比较样例是学习物理综合题的有效样例形式,而其中综合概念类比比较样例效果最佳;开放式提示和支架式提示均能较好地促进类比比较样例的学习。 相似文献
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Tzachi Zamir 《Metaphilosophy》1999,30(1&2):79-94
I attempt to explain Plato's choice of dialogue through an analysis of what he regarded as the conditions of knowledge acquisition. I see the main contribution of the paper in exposing the way in which time and pain are, for Plato, conditions of knowledge acquisition. Plato endorsed the "learning through suffering," or pathei mathos , convention, central to Greek drama, and did so not through theory but through the praxis some of the dialogues employ. This addition of experiential components to the more cognitively oriented definitions of knowledge that Socrates uses complicates what these works may say about human knowledge. I analyze these tensions and the bearing they may have on the question of Plato's choice of dialogue, that is, on his rhetoric in practice. The requirements for actual persuasion, as Plato specifies them in the Seventh Letter, , are only partially met by the fictional scenes of argumentation and knowledge conveying that Plato presents. However, such scenes permit transcending some of the limitations of written, systematic, nonpersonal discourse. The presentation of such interactions to a real reader through dialogue turns into a mode of writing that is closer to meeting the demands of actual communication of knowledge – at least knowledge regarding what Plato envisaged as being the highest sort of epistemic communication 相似文献
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本文简要介绍了基于示例学习的认知技能获得的研究,涉及的问题包括示例学习的过程、影响认知技能获得的因素、认知技能获得中的练习和迁移等、在文章的最后,对这一领域的研究趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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Previous studies on attentional biases often show contradictory results. This suggests that important moderating variables have been neglected so far. We suggest that (1) control over potential consequences and (2) satisfaction with the current status are important factors that need to be considered. We explored the influence of these variables using a colour classification task, where colours are associated with financial gains and losses. Data were analysed with hierarchical logistic regression models and with stochastic diffusion models. The latter approach has the special advantage that it allows separating perceptual and judgemental biases. Results show an overall positive judgemental bias. In the absence of control, this positivity bias increases with the amount of money that has been gained, whereas the opposite pattern is present when dangers can be controlled. In the second experiment, no general feedback was given, which led to an increasing negativity bias. Results are discussed within an action theoretic framework. 相似文献
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Ishtiyaque Haji 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(3):255-281
I examine John Martin Fischer's attempt to block an argument for the conclusion that without alternative possibilities, morally
deontic judgments (judgments of moral right, wrong, and obligation) cannot be true. I then criticize a recent attempt to sustain
the principle that an agent is morally blameworthy for performing an action only if this action is morally wrong. I conclude
with discussing Fisher's view that even if causal determinism undermines morally deontic judgments, it still leaves room for
other significant moral assessments including assessments of moral blameworthiness. 相似文献
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Carl Ginet 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(3):229-253
This paper examines the account of guidance control given in Fischer and Ravizza's book, Responsibility and Control, with the aim of revising it so as to make it a better account of what needs to be added to having alternatives open to yield
a specification of the control condition for responsibility that will be acceptable to an adherent of the principle that one
is responsible for something only if one could have avoided it. 相似文献
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Robert B. Pippin 《Topoi》2006,25(1-2):85-90
So much philosophy is so unavoidably guided by intuitions, and such intuitions are so formed by examples, and such examples
must of necessity present so cropped and abstract a picture of an instance or event or decision, that, left to its traditional
methods, philosophy might be ill-equipped on its own to answer a question about the true content of an historical ideal like
``autonomy', or authenticity or ``leading a free life'. One needs to bring so many factors into play at once that one non-traditional
but more promising path might be through reflection on the modern novel—or modern drama or poetry or film or even modern painting. 相似文献
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