全文获取类型
收费全文 | 684篇 |
免费 | 118篇 |
国内免费 | 34篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 41篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 37篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 23篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 148篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 40篇 |
2007年 | 40篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 11篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有836条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Background
Reducing symptoms of depression is an important target in the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although current treatments for BPD are effective in reducing depression, the average post-treatment level of depression remains high.Aim
To test whether experiential avoidance (EA) impedes the reduction of depression during treatment for BPD.Method
EA and depression were assessed in 81 clients at baseline and 4-month intervals during 1 year of therapy. Simple correlations, hierarchical linear modeling, and latent difference score models were used to investigate the association between self-reports of EA and both self-reports and observer-based ratings of depression.Results
EA was positively associated with greater severity of depression at all points of assessment, and changes in EA were positively associated with changes in depression. Moreover, EA significantly predicted less subsequent reduction in depression whereas no such effect was found for depression on subsequent EA.Conclusion
The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that EA impedes the reduction of depression in the treatment of BPD and should thus be considered an important treatment target. 相似文献152.
Many researchers underscore the importance of coping in the daily lives of adolescents, yet very few studies measure this and related constructs at this level. Using a daily diary approach to stress and coping, the current study evaluated a series of mediational coping models in a sample of low-income minority adolescents (N = 89). Specifically, coping was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between attributional style (and dimensions) and daily affect. Using random coefficient regression modeling, the relationship between (a) the locus of causality dimension and positive affect was completely mediated by the use of acceptance and humor as coping strategies; (b) the stability dimension and positive affect was completely mediated by the use of both problem-solving and positive thinking; and (c) the stability dimension and negative affect was partially mediated by the use of religious coping. In addition, the locus of causality and stability (but not globality) dimensions were also directly related to affect. However, the relationship between pessimistic explanatory style and affect was not mediated by coping. Consistent with previous research, these findings suggest that attributions are both directly and indirectly related to indices of affect or adjustment. Thus, attributions may not only influence the type of coping strategy employed, but may also serve as coping strategies themselves. 相似文献
153.
The approach/avoidance effect refers to the finding that valenced stimuli trigger approach and avoidance actions. Markman and Brendl [Markman, A. B., & Brendl, M. (2005). Constraining theories of embodied cognition. Psychological Science, 16, 6-16] argued that this effect is not a truly embodied phenomenon, but depends on participants’ symbolic representation of the self.In their study, participants moved valenced words toward or away from their own name on the computer screen. This would induce participants to form a ‘disembodied’ self-representation at the location of their name, outside of the body. Approach/avoidance effects occurred with respect to the participant’s name, rather than with respect to the body.In three experiments, we demonstrate that similar effects are found when the name is replaced by a positive word, a negative word or even when no word is presented at all. This suggests that the ‘disembodied self’ explanation of Markman and Brendl is incorrect, and that their findings do not necessarily constrain embodied theories of cognition. 相似文献
154.
This mail survey measured post-traumatic stress symptoms, spiritual and non-spiritual coping strategies, and positive spiritual
outcomes following the tragedies of 9/11/01 in a national, random sample of 1,056 Presbyterians. Respondents reported mild
to moderate degrees of re-experiencing and hyper-arousal symptoms of post-traumatic stress, unrelated to location or knowing
someone involved. People experiencing high stress used greater frequency and variety of both spiritual and non-spiritual types
of coping strategies. Positive spiritual outcomes were remarkably related to positive spiritual coping strategies, in contrast
to no association with negative coping. This study illustrates the significant degree of post-traumatic stress experienced
with vicarious exposure and a wide spectrum of coping strategies used following the major terrorist attacks.
相似文献
John P. Marcum |
155.
Uncertainty of outcomes is a primary dimension underlying human judgment and decision making, and is a defining feature of
risk. Even though uncertainty almost always exists in decision making contexts, individuals and cultures vary in their preference
for avoiding uncertainty. This study examines how uncertainty avoidance influences judgments involving uncertain and risky
alternatives. Participants were presented with problems that involve potential gains or losses and contain options reflecting
uncertain or certain outcomes. Greater uncertainty avoidance predicted choices for uncertain outcomes that involved gains,
which tend to promote risk aversion, but not for uncertain outcomes that led to losses, which tend to promote risk seeking.
These results demonstrate that culturally-relevant dispositions such as uncertain avoidance can have complex effects on judgment. 相似文献
156.
This article attempts to provide a conceptual framework placing anxiety in a personal growth perspective. The authors first
discuss two different theories of anxiety, review some structural models of anxiety, and stress that anxiety should be studied
as a certain kind of relation or interaction between the subject and her stimuli. Then a challenge-and-response model of normal
anxiety of its cognitive components is established, which sorts anxiety into heteronomous one and autonomic one, and supposes
that heteronomous anxiety includes two dimensions: the fall between the level of external challenge and the level of self
challenge, and the importance of the external challenge. Some related evidences for the preceding hypothesis are examined,
and then compared with related models. Finally, based on the model, a valid coping strategy of anxiety was put forward, from
which the mechanism of normal coping style of anxiety in daily life can be well understood. 相似文献
157.
We analyzed family dynamics and coping behaviors of parents with a child with an autistic spectrum disorder. Previous research
suggests that moderate levels of cohesion and adaptability are associated with higher levels of positive coping, and that
the more coping strategies a family implements, the greater their satisfaction with family functioning. Using a family systems
approach, the relationships among the familial variables of cohesion, adaptability, and social support were evaluated for
their contributions to coping in the family unit. We also compared the responses of mothers and fathers. Surprisingly, for
these parents of children with autism, those who rated their family as enmeshed implemented more positive coping strategies
than did those from other cohesion styles. This finding suggests that the enmeshed style may be more adaptive for a family
that encounters extreme challenges. Notably, mothers and fathers agreed on all variables except for perception of social support
from family and friends. Mothers perceived more social support from family and friends. The results lead to several interesting
suggestions for future research. 相似文献
158.
Gaze following allows individuals to detect the locus of attention of both conspecifics and other species. However, little
is known about how this ability develops. We explored the emergence of bobwhite quail hatchlings’ ability to track human gaze
by assessing their avoidance behavior in an open arena under five testing conditions: (1) a Direct Gaze condition, in which
an experimenter looking down was positioned above one of two approach areas; (2) a Gaze Follow condition in which an experimenter,
positioned equidistant between two approach areas, directed his/her gaze towards one of the areas; (3) a Masked Gaze Follow
condition, in which the experimenter wore a mask during the Gaze Follow test; (4) a Deprived Face Experience condition, in
which hatchlings were deprived of experience with human faces prior to the Gaze Follow test; and (5) a Control condition in
which no experimenter was present during testing. Results revealed that hatchlings from the Direct Gaze condition preferred
the non-gazed approach area at all ages tested. Hatchlings from the Gaze Follow condition preferred the non-gazed approach
area at 48 and 72 h, but not at 24 h of age. In contrast, hatchlings from the Masked Gaze Follow, Deprived Face and Control
conditions did not prefer either approach area at any age tested. These results indicate that experience with human faces
plays a key role in the rapid emergence of gaze following behavior in bobwhite quail hatchlings. 相似文献
159.
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that when presented with a sudden stimulus simulating an oncoming predator,
Mongolian gerbils can compute the optimal trajectory to a safe refuge, taking into account the position of the threat, the
location of a clearly visible refuge, and several other contextual variables as well. In the present studies, the main goal
was to explore the abilities of gerbils to use mental representations of spaces that were visually occluded by opaque barriers
to compute efficient escape trajectories. In all studies, gerbils were placed into a round open field containing a single
refuge. On each trial, an overhead visual stimulus was caused to ‘fly’ overhead, eliciting robust escape movements from the
gerbils. By manipulating the shape and position of a series of opaque barriers that were interposed between the gerbils and
the refuge, we were able to show that gerbils can compute the shortest route to an invisible target, even when the available
routes to the target are made complex by using elaborate barrier shapes. These findings suggest that gerbils can maintain
representations of their locations with respect to salient environmental landmarks and refuges, even when such locations are
not continuously visible. 相似文献
160.
This study investigated factors associated with social anxiety during early adolescence using multiple informants, including
self and peer perspectives, teacher ratings, and direct observations. Negative social performance expectations, maladaptive
coping strategies, and social skill deficits were examined as correlates of social anxiety and mediators linking social anxiety
with poor peer relations. Participants were 84 middle school students (47 girls, 37 boys) over-sampled for elevated social
anxiety. Analyses revealed correlations linking social anxiety with decreased peer acceptance and increased peer victimization.
Path analysis indicated that negative social performance expectations and social withdrawal-disengagement accounted for the
association between social anxiety and decreased peer acceptance. Social anxiety, self-directed coping strategies, and social
withdrawal-disengagement were each directly linked with increased peer victimization for boys. The results replicate findings
based on clinical samples, extend understanding of cognitive, social, and behavioral factors associated with social anxiety
in middle school, and provide new information regarding gender differences in the correlates of social anxiety. 相似文献