自读、伴读和指读对2~3岁幼儿图画书阅读中文字注视的影响

幼儿对文字的关注是内化文字形式和功能（文字意识）的基本途径,如何有效提高年幼儿童对文字的关注是一个具有重要实践意义的课题。本研究以54名2~3岁幼儿为研究对象,记录和分析幼儿在自读、伴读和指读三种方式下阅读图画书的眼动行为。结果发现：1）自读和伴读方式下,2~3岁幼儿对文字和图画的关注具有相同的眼动模式,并且对文字的关注程度均较低;2）指读可显著提高幼儿对文字的关注频率,同时对文字注视时间、次数以及关注速度均表现出一定的促进作用;3）对图画的整体分析显示,指读与伴读/自读方式之间的眼动模式差异不显著;而进一步对图画的局部分析表明：指读不影响幼儿图画关注的全面性和有效性。综上所述,指读在一定程度上能够促进年幼儿童对文字的关注,同时动态手势也不抢占儿童阅读图画的注意资源。     

大学生归因方式、气质性乐观与心理幸福感的关系

采用问卷调查的方法,对350名大学生的归因方式、气质性乐观与心理幸福感(即抑郁、生活满意度)的关系进行了研究,结果表明:(1)归因方式问卷的总分与气质性乐观、生活满意度呈显著负相关,与抑郁呈显著正相关,气质性乐观与抑郁呈显著负相关,与生活满意度呈显著正相关;(2)归因方式的自身性维度上,乐观者、悲观者的归因方式无显著性差异;持久性和整体性维度上,对可控性低水平事件的归因方式无显著性差异,对中、高水平事件,悲观者的归因方式比乐观者更悲观;(3)归因方式对抑郁、生活满意度的影响以气质性乐观为中介变量.     

电子地图导航中用户空间定向认知过程机制的研究

通过对33名大学生被试进行研究,考察在电子地图导航系统中四种条件下被试判断方位的反应时的差异,探讨电子地图导航中用户空间定向认知过程的时间模型。结果发现,这四种实验条件下的反应时两两之间存在显著差异,由于这四种条件分别代表用户判断方位时四种所需的认知环节的组合方式,故而证实了电子地图导航中用户空间定向认知过程的时间模型,即：用户方位判断＝心理旋转＋目标搜索＋方位定向。     

归因方式对心理健康的影响及干预研究之概观

该文就归因方式对心理健康影响的特点、规律及其心理机制以及通过归因干预改善和提高个体与群体健康水平的研究进行了简要的叙述,并对已有研究存在的问题进行了初步的讨论。作者认为,归因干预可能是改善和提高个体与群体的健康水平的一条重要途径;未来的研究应着眼于揭示个体对不同性质、不同类型的生活事件在特定归因和维度归因上对心理健康影响的特点、规律及其心理机制,并就归因干预的理论和实践等问题进行了深入的探讨。     

学习策略在思维风格与数学学业成就关系中的中介效应研究

以227名大学二年级理科生为被试,采用问卷调查法,探讨了学习策略在思维风格与数学学业成就关系中的作用。结果表明：（1）认知策略、元认知策略在等级制风格与数学学业成就关系中起完全中介的作用,而资源管理策略在等级制风格与数学学业成就间的中介效应不显著。（2）认知策略、元认知策略在整体性风格与数学学业成就关系中起部分中介的作用,而资源管理策略在整体性风格与数学学业成就间的中介效应不显著。（3）认知策略、元认知策略和资源管理策略在开放性风格与数学学业成就关系中起部分中介的作用。（4）元认知策略在等级制风格与数学学业成就间的中介作用以及在开放性风格与数学学业成就间的中介作用都是相对较大的。     

Psychotherapists’ psychological well-being: The role of epistemic orientation and emotion regulation

Psychotherapists’ mental health has been traditionally associated with the harmful consequences of clinical practice. In contrast to this dominant model, a growing body of research in positive psychology has sparked an interest in therapists’ positive well-being. The main objective of this study was to examine the relations between therapists’ epistemic orientation modes, emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being (PWB). This was a cross-sectional study in which participants were 674 therapists (78.5% women), with a mean age of 42.02 years (SD = 13.06). Therapists completed an online questionnaire containing self-report measures of all study variables. Structural equation modelling using latent variables was performed to test the study hypotheses. Results revealed no significant direct effects of epistemic orientation on PWB. Up- and downregulation strategies had the most substantial direct effects on total PWB. Furthermore, emotion regulation mediated the association between therapists’ epistemic orientation modes and PWB, accounting for 57% of the variance in the outcome variable. Implications for training, practice and therapist self-care are discussed.     

Can we adapt to highly automated vehicles as passengers? The mediating effect of trust and situational awareness on role adaption moderated by automated driving style

The emergence of highly automated driving technology provides safe and convenient travel while also causing user inadaptation. Therefore, based on human factors engineering, it is necessary to study highly automated vehicles (HAVs) that meet different user needs. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationships between state anxiety, situational awareness, trust, and role adaptation. The adaptation model is constructed to conduct a study on the adaptation of HAVs with different automated styles when user roles change from driver to passenger. Simulated riding was conducted in the HAV experiment (N = 117), collecting scale data after each participant had experienced each automated driving style. A structural equation modeling approach was applied to analyze the adaptation model based on scale data. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between state anxiety, situational awareness, trust, and role adaptation. State anxiety has a significant negative predictive effect on trust, situational awareness, and role adaptation. In addition to its direct impact on role adaptation, state anxiety also has an indirect effect on role adaptation through situational awareness and trust. Furthermore, the automated driving style has been confirmed to have a moderating role in the relationship between the direct and indirect effects of state anxiety and role adaptation. Our findings contribute to multiple streams of the literature and have important implications for designing personalized automated driving to improve user acceptance.     

Effects of occupational stress,job characteristics,coping, and attributional style on the mental health and job satisfaction of university employees

Well-being at work has been shown to be influenced by job characteristics and individual differences in coping styles. This study investigated the relationships between job demands, control, social support, efforts, rewards, coping, and attributional style in predicting anxiety, depression, and job satisfaction in a sample of 307 university employees from the UK. Results were compared to those from a sample of 120 members of the general population. Workplace demands, intrinsic and extrinsic effort, and negative coping and attributional behaviors were associated with high levels of depression and anxiety and low job satisfaction in university employees. Rewards, social support, job control, and positive coping and attributional behaviors were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety and high job satisfaction. The study adds to the growing research on university samples by showing that a transactional approach should be adopted. This has implications for interventions and suggests that rather than just trying to change job characteristics one should identify at-risk individuals in this population and help them adopt appropriate positive coping styles.