A Reanalysis of Occupation and Suicide: Negative Perceptions of the Workplace Linked to Suicide Attempts

Suicide is the ultimate outcome of poor psychological well-being; however, there is a paucity of research examining the link between occupation and suicide, despite early academic interest and the known importance of work to our everyday lives. We propose that this body of research was abandoned prematurely, and we provide a reanalysis by integrating the Job Characteristics Model and the Conservation of Resources model with extant suicide research. Specifically, we hypothesize that work design characteristics (job autonomy, task variety, physical demands) and threats to personal resources (absence of viewing work-as-career, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, job dissatisfaction) are linked to suicide attempts via depression and suicidal ideation. Utilizing three measurement occasions and 2,855 participants from the AddHealth database, our findings indicate that job autonomy, task variety, work-family conflict, family-work conflict, and job dissatisfaction all indirectly contribute to employees' suicide attempts via depression and suicidal ideation. Thus, negative employee perceptions of the workplace environment have much more severe consequences than is typically examined. Based on these results, we provide recommendations for developing a theoretically derived nomological net around suicidal behavior in an organizational context, and offer strategies for managers and employees to construct a work environment that is conducive to employee well-being.     

气质情绪特性测评工具的编制及其对5831名大中小学生测评中的应用

在气质情绪特性理论框架下,编制《青少年儿童气质情绪特性问卷》,并对小学至大学共5831名学生的气质情绪特性进行调查。结果发现：问卷具有良好的信、效度;各学段女生情绪产生的速度都要快于男生;小、初、高三学段与大学阶段相比,情绪变化速度更快且更外显;本科生比专科生情绪更外显且更易控;文科生比理科生对情绪更敏感、产生强度更强、产生速度更快、变化速度更快且更外显。此研究为深入探索个体的情绪特征,拓展了新视野。     

Auditory statistical learning: predictive frequency information affects the deployment of contextually mediated attentional resources on perceptual tasks

Statistical learning is a general phenomenon in which environmental regularities are implicitly acquired through repeated exposure to those environments. Sometimes, that information can be utilised to affect various aspects of cognitive performance (e.g. reaction time) on tasks that utilise selective attention (e.g. visual search). In the current study, we examined the effect of passively listening to predictive auditory contexts in facilitating attention to a certain frequency or frequency range. In doing so, we found that there is a general tendency for attentional resources to be negatively affected when the context sequences are made novel after context–target associations have been formed (Experiment 1), and when the context no longer reliably cues the previous target (Experiment 2). The experiments are framed to contrast Associative Learning and Memory Hypothesis perspectives.     

生态化微表情识别测验EMERT的建立——对JACBART微表情识别测验的改进与发展

经典JACBART微表情识别测验只考察平静表情背景下微表情识别,生态效度不高。本研究创建生态化微表情识别测验,考察所有7种基本表情背景下的6种微表情识别特征。结果发现:(1)该测验具有良好的重测信度、校标效度和生态效度,能够稳定有效地测量生态化微表情识别。(2)信效度检验揭示了生态化微表情识别特征。某些生态化微表情识别存在训练效应。生态化微表情与经典微表情或普通表情普遍相关。恐惧、悲伤、厌恶、愤怒微表情背景主效应显著;惊讶和愉快微表情背景主效应不显著,成对比较发现各背景下惊讶/愉快微表情差异不显著,但是与普通表情有广泛的显著差异。用不同背景下微表情识别正确率的标准差定义生态化微表情识别波动,发现生态化微表情识别具有稳定的波动性。     

Who Are the Next Generation of Genetic Counselors? A Survey of Students

Genetic counseling students were surveyed about their backgrounds, application process to genetic counseling programs, and career motivations and plans. Program directors from 27 accredited programs were asked to distribute 362 surveys to students. Fifty-two survey items assess demographics; sources of support for pursuing a genetic counseling career (information about genetic counseling, encouragement/discouragement from others); career motivations (reasons for applying and for becoming a genetic counselor); and career certainty. Two hundred and thirty-five usable surveys were returned (64.9% usable return rate). Most respondents were Caucasian females (mean age = 25.4 years). About 13% identified as ethnic minorities, and about one-third reported family histories of a genetic condition(s). Most respondents learned about the field in classes, and most were strongly encouraged by family and friends to pursue genetic counseling. Reasons rated as most important for becoming a genetic counselor included helping others and intellectual stimulation. Recruitment, training, and research recommendations are given.     

国别属性重要吗？代言人与广告效果关系研究的新视角

随着全球市场的形成, 一些中国企业开始选取外国明星作为产品的代言人, 目的是希望借外籍代言人提升品牌的吸引力, 获得消费者的喜爱与购买。与此同时, 一些跨国企业也开始使用中国明星为其产品代言, 以期通过“本土化”加强消费者对品牌的认同, 从而最终接受这一品牌。然而, 这种做法是否令消费者认可和接受, 其广告效果到底如何还是未知数。从目前来看, 这一作法既缺乏理论论证也缺乏实践的检验。根据代言人匹配假说, 作者认为代言人国别属性与产品国别色彩的一致性对广告效果也具有重要的影响。通过3(中、外、无国别特色产品)×2(功能性产品、享乐性产品)×2(中、外代言人)的实验设计, 验证了代言人与产品国别一致性作为调节变量对代言人特征与广告效果关系具有正向的影响, 即当代言人国别属性与产品国别色彩一致时, 广告效果明显优于不一致的情形。对于中国特色产品, 中国代言人的广告效果更好, 而对于外国文化色彩以及无国别色彩的产品, 外国代言人的广告效果要明显高于中国代言人。     

Social indicators as indexes of neuroticism and extraversion

Lynn and Hampson (1975) and recently Lester (2000) suggested that national level of extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) could be assessed by using certain national indicators like suicide and divorce rates. In this study, Lynn and Hampson’s (1975) and Lester’s (2000) models were assessed by using 1990s data. Although Lynn and Hampson’s original N and E factors correlated with EPQ N (r=0.48) and E (r=0.60) scores as hypothesised, the factor structure did not recur in the 1990s data. Factor analysis supported Lester’s (2000) model of N and E. However, the factor loadings for EPQ N and E were rather modest (0.49 for N and 0.36 for E). It was concluded that more research with larger datasets and new social indicators are needed before social indicators could replace the EPQ in comparisons of national characteristics of nations.     

A receiver operator characteristics analysis of treatment outcome in binge eating disorder to identify patterns of rapid response

The purpose of this study was to perform a receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis on a treatment sample from a randomized controlled treatment trial of participants with binge eating disorder (BED). An ROC analysis was completed with 179 adults in a 20-week treatment trial for BED to predict abstinence from binge eating at end of treatment. Percent reductions in binge eating episodes were examined following weeks 1 through 10 of treatment. The rate of percent decrease in binge eating episodes during treatment for BED was a significant predictor of clinical outcome at end of treatment. Participants who demonstrated a 15% reduction in binge eating episodes at week one were more likely to respond positively to treatment and achieve clinical remission. Findings from the current study suggest that a significant reduction in binge eating during the first week of treatment may be predictive of end of treatment remission in those with BED.