Posttraumatic stress and depression: potential pathways to disease burden among heart failure patients

Background and Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are associated with high disease burden. Pathways by which PTSD and MDD contribute to disease burden are not understood. Design: Path analysis was used to examine pathways between PTSD symptoms, MDD symptoms, and disease burden among 251 low-income heart failure patients. Methods: In Model 1, we explored the independent relationship between PTSD and MDD symptoms on disease burden. In Model 2, we examined the association of PTSD symptoms and disease burden on MDD symptoms. We also examined indirect associations of PTSD symptoms on MDD symptoms, mediated by disease burden, and of PTSD symptoms on disease burden mediated by MDD symptoms. Results: Disease burden correlated with PTSD symptoms (r = .41; p < .001) and MDD symptoms (r = .43; p < .001) symptoms. Both models fit the data well and displayed comparable fit. MDD symptoms did not mediate the association of PTSD symptoms with disease burden. Disease burden did mediate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and MDD symptoms. Conclusions: Results support the importance of detection of PTSD in individuals with disease. Results also provide preliminary models for testing longitudinal data in future studies.     

The role of social support in women’s health and recovery processes

The aim of this study was to assess the psychological state of women who have undergone surgery for breast cancer or cardiac surgery, including examination of the role of social support in both groups. The study included 48 women (mean age: 66.04?±?8.3 years). They were divided into two groups according to diagnosis: 23 women (mean age: 69.2?±?8.6 years) who underwent heart surgery (cardiac group, CG) and 25 women (mean age: 63.2?±?7.0 years) treated for breast cancer and associated with the Women After Mastectomy Club (oncology group, OG). In addition to the assessment of socio-demographic variables, the following self-report questionnaires were administered: Satisfaction with Life Scale, Acceptance of Illness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as well as Berlin Social Support Scale. In the CG, the severity of depressive symptoms was two times higher than in OG (p?=?.003). In both groups, there was a high percentage (80%) of women with severe symptoms of anxiety (p?=?.37). In both groups, the level of life satisfaction was similar (p?=?.58), but OG was characterized by a higher level of acceptance of the disease (p?=?.003). The correlation analysis showed that in both groups, social support was related differently to the parameters of emotional state. Women treated for breast cancer were in a better mental condition than women treated for heart disease. The support coming from other women in similar circumstances (Women After Mastectomy Club) seems to be more effective than the support coming from the patient’s immediate environment. The results for social support ought to be interpreted not only through the prism of mean values of received support, but also with regard to the information on the sources of support.     

丹红注射液对冠心病患者血清CRP及FG影响的Meta分析

通过检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普中文科技期刊数据库和万方电子期刊数据库,采用系统方法评价丹红注射液对冠心病患者血清C反应蛋白（CRP）和纤维蛋白原（FG）的影响。结果显示：与对照组相比,丹红治疗组能显著降低患者血清CRP;丹红治疗组与对照组治疗效果比较差异无统计学意义;丹红治疗组与对照组相比能显著降低患者血清FG水平。提示丹红注射液可显著降低冠心病患者血清CRP及FG水平。     

依那普利叶酸片与依那普利片改善动脉硬化效果比较

探讨马来酸依那普利叶酸片对冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）及脉搏波传导速度（PWV）的影响。选取108例冠心痛患者随机分为依叶组（口服马来酸依那普利叶酸片1片,每日1次）和依苏组（口服依那普利片1片,每日1次）,疗程6个月,另选取冠状动脉造影为非冠心病患者40例作对照。检测各组患者治疗前后血清Hcy水平及PWV,并进行比较。冠心病患者血清Hcy水平及PWV较非冠t心病患者明显升高（P〈o．01）,治疗6个月后,两组冠心病患者血清Hcy水平及PWV均较治疗前降低（P〈o．05,P〈o．01）,而依叶组血清Hcy水平及PWV较依苏组降低更为显著（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。冠心病常规治疗的基础上联用叶酸可进一步降低患者血清Hcy水平及PWV,从而改善患者内皮功能及动脉硬化。     

螺内酯治疗对轻度心力衰竭患者骨桥蛋白水平的影响

本研究选取2013年1月～2013年8月广东省韶关市铁路医院收治的轻度心力衰竭（左室射血分数〈40％,NYHAⅡ级）患者共65例,随机分为试验组（A组）和对照组（B组）,A组在常规基础治疗之上加用螺内酯（20rag、Qd）,B组采用常规基础治疗。于患者住院期间及出院后3个月抽血行EI。IsA法检测血清骨桥蛋白、NT—proBNP水平以及心脏超声检查测量左室舒张末内径（LVEDd）以及左室射血分数（LVEF）。结果显示：两组患者在年龄、性别、低密度脂蛋白等比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与治疗前比,治疗后两组患者血清骨桥蛋白、NT-proBNP水平、LVEDd均明显下降,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但试验组血清骨桥蛋白、NT—proBNP水平下降更明显,两组相比差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后,两组患者的LVEF均高于治疗前,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。直线相关分析显示：血清骨桥蛋白水平与NT-proBNP水平呈正相关（r=0．235,P〈0．05）,与LVEDd呈正相关（r=0．432,P〈0．05）。提示在常规基础治疗上加用螺内酯可以改善轻度心力衰竭患者心室重构及骨桥蛋白的水平。     

Emotions Know Best: The Advantage of Emotional versus Cognitive Responses to Failure

Making mistakes or failing at tasks is a common occurrence in human life. People can respond to and cope with failure in many ways. In this research, we examine potential advantages of relatively emotional (versus cognitive) responses to failure. In particular, we study how effort and time spent in subsequent tasks depend on whether people predominantly focus on their emotions or their cognitions as they respond to a failure. We demonstrate that, left to their own means, people's cognitions upon a failure are mainly justificatory in nature and thus do not automatically have the commonly believed reflective, self‐improving qualities. We further argue and demonstrate that a relative focus on cognitions following a failure can prevent improvement in subsequent episodes, but a focus on emotions can allow for learning and, therefore, increased effort. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Visuospatial processing in adolescents with critical congenital heart disease: Organization,integration, and implications for academic achievement

Among the most significant factors affecting quality of life in individuals with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) are neurodevelopmental challenges, including deficits in visuospatial processing and academic achievement. Few studies have compared outcomes across CCHD subgroups, despite their significant differences in anatomy/physiology and medical/surgical courses. This study compared visuospatial processing abilities using the Developmental Scoring System for the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (DSS-ROCF) across groups of adolescents with CCHD (d-transposition of the great arteries [TGA, n = 139], Tetralogy of Fallot [TOF, n = 68], single-ventricle cardiac anatomy requiring the Fontan operation [SVF, n = 145]) and a group of healthy controls (CTR, n = 111), and examined the validity of visuospatial processing in predicting concurrent academic outcomes. The CCHD subgroups were found to differ in Organization, ps < .001, Structural Accuracy, ps < .001, and Incidental Elements Accuracy scores, ps ≤ .008; the post hoc analyses show that the SVF group tended to underperform compared to the other CCHD groups. With respect to academic skills, all CCHD groups scored lower than the CTR group, ps ≤ .007; however, the CCHD groups were not different from each other, ps > .23. The regression results showed that the DSS-ROCF Style rating (reflecting integration) accounted for a small yet statistically significant portion of unique variance in “assembled” academic outcomes, over and above the variance already accounted for by DSS-ROCF Organization, p < .01. These findings support the need for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and monitoring of children and adolescents with CCHD, as well as targeted intervention for organization and integration deficits that may increase their risk for academic underachievement.     

系统论视野下的心力衰竭与限钠利尿

综述心力衰竭时的神经、内分泌激活与血钠浓度的关系,血钠浓度在心力衰竭时的神经、内分泌的影响,并且运用系统论的观点重新认识心力衰竭与限钠利尿的关系,以便更好地处理这个治疗矛盾,打断心力衰竭发生发展的恶性循环,促使疾病向好的方向发展.同时,也为心力衰竭研究提出一种新思路和新的方法.     

老年舒张性心力衰竭诊治的思考

舒张性心力衰竭在老年高血压、冠心病患者中发病率较高,但临床症状、体征不特异,不典型,常容易漏诊。因此,临床工作中应注意发现舒张性心力衰竭相关的症状、体征,结合胸片有肺淤血、超声心动图左室射血分数(left ventriculare-jection fraction,LVEF)正常、血浆脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)增高等,早期诊断及治疗,提高老年患者的生活质量,减少晚期混合型心力衰竭的发病率。     

易学视域下的象山心学

象山心学有着深层易学根基之支撑。基于易学的天人之学,他敞开了以大中至正之道、之理为根基根据的整体宇宙图景。认为人的本心存在的敞开着宇宙大千世界中的一切。《易》的"穷理尽性以至于命"的价值期许,遂具体落实为人人之开显对于本心的高度明觉,挺立个我生命的主体性,积极构建基于此心的属于自己的意义的世界。