如何导引"儒门道脉同归佛海"?——蕅益智旭对《论语》的解释

该文分析十七世纪蕅益智旭(1599-1677)对《论语》的思想世界的解释。该文首先指出,智旭以无限生命、死生一致的观点作为核心,重构孔门的生死观,再以心学之立场重新解释孔子思想中的“学”、“道”与“天命”三个重要概念。智旭将“学”解释为“心”之觉醒,将“道”理解为“空生大觉”之道,将“知天命”解释为对“不生不灭之理”与“虚妄生灭之原”的通透。凡此种种新诠,在东亚《论语》诠释史上,均有其特殊性,一方面展现王阳明以后以“心”学解释经典的“自由的”学风,另一方面则显示明末三教合一之思想趋向。     

Working memory of highly self‐critical men is impaired by failure

Previous studies have shown self‐criticism to be negatively associated with goal progress. In order to investigate factors that may influence this association, the present study examined the interactive impact of performance (failure vs. success) and self‐criticism on working memory (WM). Goal‐directed behavior in the achievement domain was operationalized as comparative performance on two strongly correlated WM span tasks. The effect of negative or positive performance feedback was assessed by presenting a success or a failure experience between the two WM span tasks in order to examine the influence of failure and success on the second WM span task compared with the first/baseline. A male‐only sample was used as a follow‐up to a previous study that has utilized a female‐only sample. Findings revealed self‐criticism to serve as an individual difference factor that influences men's WM functioning in the context of failure. This interactive effect may contribute to diminished goal progress in men.     

Dangerous liaisons

In this paper I take side on externalist incompatibilism. However, I intend to radicalize the position. First, based on my criticism of Burge's anaphoric proposal, I argue that there is no reasoning‐transparency: the reasoner is blind to the reasoning he is performing. Second, assuming a global form of content‐externalism, I argue that “in the head” are only logical and formal abilities. That is what I call “bite the bullet and swallow it too.”     

稳定性冠心病何时需要PCI

目前稳定性冠心病通行的治疗策略是药物治疗的同时常规作冠脉造影,如果病变严重,则尽可能地作介入治疗。但最近COURAGE试验结果的公布,证实介入治疗仅可以缓解症状,但不能改善预后。因此,我们要对PCI在稳定性冠心病中的作用和定位重新进行思考。     

低静息心率与反社会行为的关系

由于静息心率易测性, 对静息心率的研究成为研究攻击和犯罪行为生理机制的重要手段之一。研究发现低静息心率与多种反社会行为存有关, 无论是动物研究, 人类研究还是跨文化的研究都表明了这种关系的存在。但元分析的结果表明低静息心率与反社会行为之间关系的效应量只是中等水平。同时, 社会经济因素和人格因素对低静息心率与反社会行为之间的关系有影响。低静息心率可能与低恐惧或低唤醒的特质、去甲肾上腺素功能减弱、大脑右半球功能减弱等因素有关。     

创业失败与再创业意向的作用机制

近年来, 我国政府对创业支持力度不断加强, 创业活动日益活跃, 但失败率却居高不下。如何让创业者在遭遇失败后仍能保持再创业的意向是当前亟待解决的现实问题。拟综合采取横向问卷调查、纵向时间对比以及情景模拟实验的方法, 一方面探讨成就目标导向和社会比较在创业失败和创业失败学习之间的有中介的调节作用; 另一方面分析创业失败学习、创业自我效能感在创业失败和再创业意向之间的链式多重中介作用机制, 寻求由创业失败到再创业意向的不同路径, 这种探讨具有理论创新价值。依据实证研究的结论在实践中指导创业者通过上行比较, 锁定学习目标, 激发再创业意向; 通过提高自我怜悯水平, 使创业者摆脱消极情绪的困扰, 激发掌握性学习动机, 确立再创业的意向, 对于创业者具有重要指导意义。社会比较和自我怜悯的干预研究具有鲜明的中国文化特色。     

《齐物论》两种英译之比较--一点解释学思考

《齐物论》是中国哲学史上的重要文本,其英译问题同样值得重视。本文比较冯友兰和Graham对《齐物论》的翻译,分析他们不同的翻译特色,并由此引出有关作者原义与译者理解之间的张力等解释学问题。     

Can Accidents and Industrial Mishaps Be Predicted? Further Investigation into the Relationship Between Cognitive Failure and Reports of Accidents

The ability of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) to predict accidents and job performance ratings was investigated. A participant pool of 240 electrical workers anonymously completed the CFQ and an information sheet. Results indicated that CFQ scores and the Blunder factor could predict automobile accidents and work accidents, while the Blunders and Distractibility subscales could predict overall performance ratings. Additionally, to increase the generalizability of the study both self-reports and objective reports of safety behavior were collected. Results demonstrated that both types of reports overlapped substantially. Implications and limitations of the present study are discussed, as well as future research.     

中小学生交往成败结果的归因分析

从小三、初二、高二随机选择有效被试406名,探讨了中小学生对交往成败结果的归因和期望特点。结果表明：中小学生对交往成败有不同的原因认知;成败结果差异显著;成功后的期望显著地高于失败情境。