以社会主义核心价值体系引领当代社会思潮

从核心意识形态对民众意识的重要引导作用看,社会主义核心价值体系对当代社会思潮具有重要的引领价值,即用核心价值体系塑造人们的信仰、理想、道德观念,调动大众的主体积极性、主动性,使其成为社会主义核心价值体系的思想上的认同者,行动上的践行者。     

忠恕之道的特质及其现代价值

忠恕之道是儒家的根本为人处世之道,亦即儒家根本的人道理念。忠恕之道分为“忠道”和“恕道”,前者是对己的要求,表现为一种极认真、极虔诚的态度;后者是对人的态度,表现为对他人的理解、尊重、宽容等品质。忠恕之道所内含的价值,是中华民族宝贵的精神财富,应该成为当代中国人的民族性格。     

自动思维及归因方式对抑郁症作用的多因素分析

目的：探讨抑郁症患者治疗前后自动思维、应付方式变化对抑郁严重程度变化的影响及其相互作用。方法：对97例抑郁症患者分别在其入、出院时进行测评,测评工具包括自评抑郁量表、自动思维问卷和归因方式问卷。此外对100例正常对照亦进行上述测评,其中29例在15—20天后重测。结果：自动思维问卷得分、归因方式问卷得分的logistic回归分析、路径分析表明,自动思维、对正性事件的整体性维度的归因方式对抑郁程度的影响有显著作用,自动思维的变化对SDS的变化的直接影响最大(路径系数为0．572),归因方式中正性事件整体性归因的变化为其次(路径系数为一0．193),而自动思维的变化与归因方式中正性事件整体性归因的变化的相互影响较小(路径系数为-0．188)。结论：自动思维、对正性事件的整体性维度的归因方式对抑郁严重程度有显著影响。     

Two Virtuous Actions Cannot both be Completed

This essay highlights an alternative tradition of understanding value conflicts in early Confucian thought. In contrast to a prominent position among interpreters that argues for the resolvability or harmonization of conflicting values, I argue that some early Confucians conceptualized value conflicts as irresolvable. In other words, when meaningful aspects of a situation come into tension with each other and values are threatened to be either left unfulfilled or harmed, early Confucians put forth a variety of views. Some believed that all values could be tended to as long as one had the moral imagination of a sage, whereas others saw the world as a place where irreconcilable conflicts between values could occur for even the most profound people. Within this diversity, I take up a view about irresolvable value conflicts where the confrontation with a deep value conflict leaves behind a moral remainder that can mar even the character of a sage.     

孙中山经济伦理思想探析

孙中山的经济伦理思想始终把伦理道德现象建立在对民众生计的考察和认识上,认为民生问题是一切社会活动的中心,社会伦理道德是由民生问题引发的。主张以国家和人民利益作为道德标准,在调节个人和国家经济利益之间的矛盾时,强调以自我牺牲、“替众人来服务”为准则。强调权利平等就是民权、民族实现;民权、民族问题解决了,经济发展才能从根本上解决问题。认为人类要求得道德的进步和经济的发展,就必须以“互助”为原则,减少兽性,发展人性,造就高尚的人格。     

一个妊娠急性脂肪肝病例引发的思考

从一个妊娠急性脂肪肝病例的诊断和治疗过程中,认识到在临床实践中认真细致的观察,突破思维定势开拓创新的重要性。并体会到医疗风险问题制约着医护人员主观能动性的发挥,如何采取防范措施值得深思。     

Aggressive driving: Do driving overconfidence and aggressive thoughts behind the wheel,drive professionals off the road?

Aggressive driving has emerged as one of the most studied behaviors in the traffic psychology context due to its association with odds of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and especially fatal ones. Nevertheless, behavioral (aggression) and affective (anger) aspects of aggressive driving have been deeply studied; its cognitive part hasn’t gained much attention; However, its role in understanding the process of aggression and designing interventions couldn’t be neglected. This research investigated the contribution of overconfidence (as the driver’s cognitive bias), aggressive thoughts, driver’s aggression, and risk perception in driver’s performance and the number of self-reported active accidents. The unique contribution of this study is its sample of urban bus drivers that have less been studied to date. Structural equation modeling (SEM), and mediation analysis revealed that overconfidence contributes to aggressive driving through aggressive thoughts behind the wheel. Moreover, overconfidence decreased the risk perception and driving performance of individuals, which were associated with a higher number of driver’s accidents. Besides, aggressive thoughts behind the wheel predicted physically aggressive expression and using the vehicle to express anger, which were associated with a decreased level of driving performance and an increased number of accidents. This study brings further evidence, supporting the importance of cognition in understanding and preventing aggressive driving and its adverse outcomes.     

Do gains in working memory capacity explain the written self-disclosure effect?

Klein and Boals (2001) concluded that expressive writing about negative life events improves health by reducing intrusive thoughts, as measured by the Impact of Events Scale (IES), and thus freeing working memory (WM) capacity. We replicated their WM gain and rejected the possibility that it reflected task practice alone. We extended their work by showing that such WM effects and reductions in self-reported health symptoms can be observed within a short time frame of a week in a normal population of college students and can occur without reductions in IES scores. Two alternative explanations are discussed of how WM gains can be observed in the written self-disclosure effect without reductions in the frequency of intrusive thoughts and avoidance attempts.     

Inglehart‐Welzel's Traditional vs. Rational index revisited: A comparison between China and the West

Inglehart‐Welzel's ‘Traditional‐Rational’ Index has been widely accepted as a way to summarize changes in values between agricultural and industrial societies. An empirical re‐examination of the Index using the most recent World Values Survey data, however, suggests that it fails to represent the value profiles of mainland Chinese. I introduce a five‐item measurement called ‘Confucian Index of interpersonal relations’. It aims to capture some salient values in Chinese culture and show that, in China, Confucian values that govern interpersonal relations within one's immediate social environment are not in conflict with support for democratic government and social liberal values, such as tolerance and trust. The opposite is very much true in the rich West, where those who endorse ‘Confucian’ values are less tolerant of social diversity and where Inglehart's Index does make a lot of sense.