Disputes over Philosophical Views in the First Half of the Twentieth Century and Development of Contemporary Chinese Philosophy

To explore the development of contemporary Chinese philosophy, fundamentally, is to explore the development of Marxist philosophy in contemporary China. The disputes over philosophical views in Chinese academic circles during the first half of the twentieth century have been focused on understanding Marxist philosophy from such aspects as “what kind of philosophy Chinese society needs,” “the relation of philosophy to science,” and “philosophy as an idea to reflect on one’s life.” These explorations have provided us a significant ideological insight into the development of Marxist philosophy and contemporary Chinese philosophy; that is, in contemporary China, Marxist philosophy, as a doctrine of the liberation and all-round development of human beings, exists not only as a kind of “doctrine” or “academy” but also as a kind of widely accepted “xueyuan (academic cultivations)” among people. Translated by Zhao Zhiyi from Jourmal of Jilin University (Social Sciences), 2005:1     

Abduction by Philosophers: Reorienting Philosophical Methodology

A reorientation is needed in methodological debate about the role of intuitions in philosophy. Methodological debate has lost sight of the reason why it makes sense to focus on questions about intuitions when thinking about the methods or epistemology of philosophy. The problem is an approach to methodology that focuses almost exclusively on questions about some evidential role that intuitions may or may not play in philosophers’ arguments. A new approach is needed. Approaching methodological questions about the role of intuitions in philosophy with an abductive model of philosophical inquiry in mind will help ensure the debate doesn't lose sight of what motivates the debate.     

"感"·"象"·"数"--《周易》经传象数观念的哲学人类学释读

象数观念是<周易>经传乃至易学中的基础和核心观念.历来对象数观念的理解和解释,往往局限于象数观念本身,而对<周易>经传的产生背景、以及其中的另一个重要观念--"感",则关注不够.本文从哲学人类学的视角,在考察<周易>经传的产生背景以及"感"、"象"、"数"三者之间关系的基础上,认为<周易>经传中的象数观念其实是原始时代的感性具体的思维方式及其宇宙观的积淀.具体说来,"数"也是"象",它们本来都是"互渗"或"交感"的中介;换句话说,<周易>经传象数观念的最终依据其实是感;象数因感而蕴涵着向天道观和伦理观发挥的可能性.     

肺癌肿瘤干细胞研究的科学方法论

肺癌肿瘤干细胞研究是肺癌与肿瘤干细胞学说交叉所形成的新研究领域,将根本改变临床肺癌防治的方式。反思从肿瘤干细胞学说的提出到肺癌肿瘤干细胞研究,树立自然辨证观念,用科学方法论指导肺癌肿瘤干细胞研究。     

Philosophy in Post-Soviet Russia (1992--1997)

The author argues that the decline of philosophical thought and research in Russia is over. He describes the state of present-day philosophy in Russia, its background, and prospects for development citing concrete examples and little known facts.Any survey of the state of the philosophy in post-Communist Russia is a complicated task requiring accuracy and completness. Whether I succeed in this task remains to be seen, although I shall be content if I manage to present a clear picture. It will of course be subjective and reflect my interests and preferences, remaining in this sense quite incomplete. But I aim to present a concise survey, identifying the most important trends, personalities, and topics of discussion.I shall focus on changes with respect to the following issues: 1) the state of research in philosophy, in particular noticeable shifts in problematics, geography, and management; 2) philosophical education, i.e., noticeable development in problematics, approaches, geography, and management. Moreover, I shall examine the origin of these shifts and assess whether they are of a qualitative character.     

The skillful means and meanings of philosophy: Attention and immersion in the philosophical art of writing

This response to Richard Shusterman's Philosophy and the Art of Writing focuses on his concern that philosophy is, first and foremost, a way of life, illustrated in the West by the Socratic ideal of the philosopher and in the East by the example of the scholar-artist-gentleman. This paper examines the process of Buddhist meditation and the process of creating novels, supplementing the authors Shusterman carefully examines with examples from Black American literature, the author's own teacher John Gardner, and artistic colleagues the author has known. The basic thrust of the response is that the skillful means used in writing can indeed be a form of self-creation, but it can also be a means of liberation from the self.     

Truth and consequences

In his 1987 paper “Truth or Consequences,” Dan Brock describes a deep conflict between the goals and virtues of philosophical scholarship and public policymaking: whereas the former is concerned with the search for truth, the latter must primarily be concerned with promoting good consequences. When philosophers are engaged in policymaking, he argues, they must shift their primary goal from truth to consequences—but this has both moral and methodological costs. Brock’s argument exemplifies a pessimistic, but not uncommon, view of the possible shape and nature of applied philosophy. The present paper paints a richer and more optimistic picture. It argues that the difference between theoretical philosophy and applied philosophy is not best understood as a choice between truth and consequences. On the contrary, applied philosophers engage in forms of truth-seeking that are properly concerned with consequences—including the consequences of philosophical practice itself.     

宋儒张载"以易为宗"思想探析

张载是宋代理学的奠基者,也是四大学派之一--关学的开创者.他的成就得到理学家们的肯定,如程颢、程颐将他与孟子、韩愈相比;朱熹于<伊洛渊源录>中,将其与周敦颐、邵雍、二程并列;<近思录>也选录许多张载言论,以为门生弟子进学之助.而后代统治阶层的重视,也可看出他的影响宋理宗封他为郿伯,从祀孔庙.元代赵复立周敦颐祠,以张载与程、朱配食.<宋史道学传>为他立传,颂扬他的德业.他的著作在明、清二代是开科取士的必读书目,并于清初编入御纂<性理大全>和<性理精义>中,可见张载在理学发展上的贡献与地位.     

朱熹对宋代易学的发展——兼论朱熹、程颐易学思想之异同

朱熹提出《易》之本义为卜筮的见解,由此对程颐易学和义理学派提出批评。朱熹主张区分《周易》经传,提出易学发展阶段说。通过比较《周易本义》和《周易程氏传》,可见两者之异同。朱熹以象数、卜筮求易理,把义理学派与象数学派统一起来,从而发展了宋代易学。