有关行为研究方法学的六点思考

本文提供作者的研究经验和反思, 就行为研究方法学的多样性和互补性, 统计方法与实验想法的权衡, 信-效度的关系, 被试与测试者期望效应对数据的污染, 避免方法学和统计检验的规定成为束缚研究的新八股, 以及理论与实证的互动进行了探讨。     

基于等级反应模型的规则空间方法

本研究基于Tatsuoka的规则空间方法, 对理想反应模式与异常反应指标进行了扩展, 推导了多级评分项目下规则空间方法的算法公式。在4种属性层级结构(发散型、收敛型、线型与无结构型)×4种“失误”作答概率(2%、5%、10%与15%)测验情境下, 以属性模式判准率、被试属性判准率、敏感性与特异性为指标, 检验了多级评分项目下规则空间方法的分类准确性。结果表明：(1) 基于多级评分项目构建的异常反应指标, 能有效地对被试进行分类与解释, 且0-1评分项目下异常反应指标及其性质都是多级评分下的特例; (2) 随着“失误”作答概率的增加, 4种属性层级结构的分类准确性都会降低; (3) 线型和收敛型的分类准确性明显好于发散型与无结构型; (4) 纯规则点的分布对规则空间方法的分类准确性有显著影响。     

Confucian Political Philosophy for Non-Confucians

Contemporary proponents of Confucian political philosophy often ignore the fact that any sizeable future Confucian political order will have to accommodate many “non-Confucians.” The guiding question of this paper is therefore the following: how could a Confucian political philosophy, if it can at all, adequately take into account a plurality of comprehensive worldviews? I first turn to John Rawls and his account of these terms and of reasonable pluralism more generally. I then examine some particularly relevant developments and criticism of Rawls’ account. Finally, I offer a discussion of some recent proposals for a Confucian political philosophy, and examine to what extent each recognizes the fact of pluralism, sees it as a challenge, and deals with it in a persuasive manner. The paper concludes with a depiction of two major stumbling blocks that might stand firmly in the way of such a pluralism-accommodating political Confucianism.     

Principlism,Pragmatism, or Reconstructionist Confucianism? —Some Comments on Ni Peimin’s English Translation of the Analects

This essay provides a few critical points of view on Ni Peimin’s recent English translation of the Analects. It shows that his translations of ren into “human-heartedness” and of li into “ritual propriety” may indicate a willingness to recast these Confucian concepts in the modern ideology of western subjectivism or individualism, whereas Confucianism is not in the direction of such ideologies. Moreover, while Ni seems to offer a “no-rule” view of Confucian virtue ethics, he cannot deny the existence of moral rules and principles in the Confucian system. It is insufficient for him to emphasize the importance of Confucian “instructions” or “methods” as he does without explicating their relations to Confucian rules. Additionally, Ni’s gongfu Confucianism provides a necessary and healthy step back from the contemporary principlism that has been dominant and popular in contemporary politics, ethics, and applied ethics, but Ni goes too far in denying the importance of the moral rules and principles that are implicit or explicit in the Confucian ritual practices and upheld in Confucius’s Analects.     

How Should We Do Nanoethics? A Network Approach for Discerning Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology

There is no agreement on how nanoethics should proceed. In this article I focus on approaches for discerning ethical issues in nanotechnology, which is as of yet one of the most difficult and urging tasks for nanoethics. I discuss and criticize two existing approaches for discerning ethical issues in nanotechnology and propose a network approach as alternative. I discuss debates in nanoethics about the desirable role of ethics in nanotechnological development and about the newness of ethical issues in nanotechnology. On basis of a critical analysis of both debates, I formulate a number of desiderata for a method for discerning ethical issues in nanotechnology and argue that the network approach that my colleagues and I have developed for ethical issues in research and development networks is also appropriate in nanotechnology.

由角膜新生血管的治疗引发的思考

探讨角膜新生血管的有效治疗措施。运用现代医学知识,以创造性思维突破常规, 多因素多环节不同水平干扰发病过程。创造性思维可寻找有效的辅助治疗措施。在角膜新生血管的治疗中正确运用哲学观点,充分发挥创造性思维能力,可降低本病的致盲率和后遗症的发生率,促进人类健康生存,提高生活质量。     

AQAL模型及其心理学方法论意义

AQAL是美国著名心理学家肯.威尔伯(Ken Wilber)提出的整合研究模型。主张心理学应当拓展研究视野,涵盖主观性、客观性、主体间性、客体间性。认为该模型对解决目前心理学的分裂问题,促进各心理学分支的和谐共生,具有重要的方法论意义。分别讨论了AQAL模型的内涵、提出过程与评价及其心理学方法论意义。     

Intuition and Philosophical Methodology

Intuition serves a variety of roles in contemporary philosophy. This paper provides a historical discussion of the revival of intuition in the 1970s, untangling some of the ways that intuition has been used and offering some suggestions concerning its proper place in philosophical investigation. Contrary to some interpretations of the results of experimental philosophy, it is argued that generalized skepticism with respect to intuition is unwarranted. Intuition can continue to play an important role as part of a methodologically conservative stance towards philosophical investigation. I argue that methodological conservatism should be sharply distinguished from the process of evaluating individual propositions. Nevertheless, intuition is not always a reliable guide to truth and experimental philosophy can serve a vital ameliorative role in determining the scope and limits of our intuitive competence with respect to various areas of inquiry.

浅论孔子思想的现代价值

孔子是我国古代教育思想的奠基者,是我国古代伟大的教育家、思想家,儒家学派的创始人。两千多年来,他和他所创立的思想学说,对我国的教育教学、建设和谐社会以及它的现代管理价值等方面有着极为深刻的影响。孔子的儒家思想对世界范围内的政治和经济的影响是深远的。     

缺血性卒中治疗中的若干启示

脑卒中具有高发病率、高病死率、高度致残的临床特点。目前对缺血性卒中的治疗已取得了重大进展,但它仍是内科临床工作中最具挑战性的任务之一。哲学反思对科学的发展具有指导作用,本文从哲学的角度对缺血性卒中的治疗策略和措施进行综合分析,以把握其最新的发展趋势。