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排序方式： 共有398条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
In recent American political discourse, elections and debates tend to be presented by the news media as collisions of basic principles, with opposing parties advancing beliefs about what is right and what is wrong. When news coverage of an election campaign focuses on issues that emphasize rights and morals, voting behavior may be affected in two ways: Citizens become likely to form and make use of evaluations of the integrity of the candidates, and citizens become motivated to seek an issue-position "match" with candidates on those issues for which discourse is ethically charged (particularly when they hold a similar interpretation of the issue). These ideas were tested in an experiment in which labor union members and undergraduate students were presented with news stories about the contrasting positions of fictional candidates for elective office. Across three political environments, all information was held constant except for systematic alteration of a different issue in each environment. These three issues (abortion, gun control, and health care) vary in the types of value conflicts emphasized in news coverage. The results shed light on how individuals process, interpret, and use issue coverage in choosing among candidates. 相似文献
212.
知觉经验对汉学字形知觉整体性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
三项实验通过部件识别法探讨了知觉经验对字形知觉整体性的影响。实验一要求三组不同发展水平的被试命名单独呈现的部件字,结果证实了本实验所用的各组部件字之间的识别难度均等和小学三年级学生的字识别技能明显不如小学六年级和大学学生。实验二使大学生在三种字度和两种字频条件下,分别进行单、双部件的命名,主要得到非字中的部件命名反应时快于假字,后者又快于真字的“字劣效应”以及在真、假字组中的“左>右”或“上>下”的“部位效应”,但未发现字频对部件命名的效应。实验三比较了三组不同年级被试的部件命名作业,发现小六和小三学生在真、假字中的部件命名反应时无明显差异,而大学生较明显,说明前者受字形整体知觉的影响比后者小。这些结果支持了字形知觉整体性随字的知觉经验增长而加强的假设,并在一个基于联结主义框架的字词识别模型中得到了较好解释。 相似文献
213.
Abstract: This study examines developmental changes in the tendency of young children to form generalized expectations of the behavior of friendly and unfriendly classmates in their nursery school. Subjects aged 4, 5, and 6 selected friendly, unfriendly, and neutral peers according to their expected behavior in a particular situation and then predicted the peers' behavior in four situations, one of which was similar to that used in the selection process. It was found that at the age of 4 the expectations of the behavior of unfriendly peers differed from those of the behavior of the other peers, and that by the age of 5 the expectations of the behavior of friendly peers were fairly consistent across different situations. Additionally, the results agreed with our hypothesis that younger children's expectations regarding their peers' behavior toward them are more stable and congruous with the peers' character type than those toward an imaginary friend, as far as the expectations of unfriendly peers' behavior is concerned. 相似文献
214.
帛书《易经》卦爻辞有大量与通行本相异的文字,需要考释。本文仅以通行本之"惕"字为例,论证帛书本异字"氵易"(即《小畜·六四》"血去惕出"的"惕"字,帛书写作"氵易"字)是""字之别写,而""通"",""的古体为"",故可校"惕"字为""字之误或原本相通。同时,帛书《乾·九三》"夕(残字)若厉"的"",讼卦卦辞"洫宁"的"洫",《·九二》"亻易号"的"亻易";通行本《师·九二》"王三锡命"的"锡",《涣·上九》"血去逖出"的"逖"字等,都得到相应的校释。 相似文献
215.
《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2017,98(1):201-217
The authors analyze a unique cinematic corpus – ‘body‐character breach films’ (one character, initially played by a certain actor, occupies the body of another character) – demonstrating Lacan's notion of traversing the fantasy, both on the level of the films’ diegesis and that of spectatorship. Breaching the alliance between actors and their characters perturbs the viewer's fantasy of wholeness enabled by this very alliance. Consequently, a change in subject/spectatorial position in relation to the lack in the Other is induced, enhanced through the visualization of various scenarios of unconscious fantasies (mostly incest). These are meant to unsettle the spectator into an awareness of how a conscious fantasy conceals another unconscious fundamental fantasy, thereby encouraging a change in spectatorial position (from ‘perverse’/fetishistic to ‘neurotic’). Conflating this change with Lacan's notion of traversing the fantasy, the authors contend that mainstream cinema has the capacity to induce a process of subjectivization (assuming responsibility for one's own desire). This process is contingent on four conditions: identification with the protagonist's fantasy to conceal the lack in the Other; dissolution of this fantasy, initiated by the body‐character breach; rhetorical strategies (the coding of unconscious scenarios cinematically); and an ethical dimension (encouraging the subject/spectator to follow her/his desire). 相似文献
216.
Harold Langsam 《Philosophical explorations》2017,20(1):106-122
Naïve realism, the view that perceptual experiences are irreducible relations between subjects and external objects, has intuitive appeal, but this intuitive appeal is sometimes thought to be undermined by the possibility of certain kinds of hallucinations. In this paper, I present the intuitive case for naïve realism, and explain why this intuitive case is not undermined by the possibility of such hallucinations. Specifically, I present the intuitive case for naïve realism as arguing that the only way to make sense of the phenomenal character associated with perceptual experiences is by means of a naïve realist ontology. I then explain why this intuitive argument is not undermined by the possibility of hallucinatory experiences that possess the phenomenal character associated with perceptual experiences but, being hallucinations, do not have the ontological nature specified by naïve realism. 相似文献
217.
Andrew G. Stricker Fil J. Arenas Todd C. Westhauser Toni Hawkins-Scribner 《Reflective Practice》2017,18(1):133-146
This paper traces connections between Stoicism and Positive Psychology for helping to inform and guide the education of warriors in the Profession of Arms. Peterson and Seligman advocate six core virtues and associated character strengths, which the authors illustrate from the practice of leadership education at the Squadron Officer School and The Air University. A synopsis of Costa and Kallick’s Habits of Mind is introduced to illustrate how awareness of the ways virtue and character strengths can guide the reflective warrior with wisdom and determined action. The authors also highlight insights from the work of Chris Argyris and Donald Schön on double-loop learning, reflective-thinking-in-action, and couple those insights with Dietrich Dörners’ emphasis on the advantages of simulations to offer experimentation by practitioners to better prepare them ‘think of, and then do, the right things at the right times and in the right way.’ Finally, a virtual world learning simulation developed by the authors to support student experimentation with double-loop learning on character strengths and habits of mind is described to illustrate the art-of-the-possible for the positive education of stoic warriors. 相似文献
218.
Forough Jafari;Willibald Ruch;Seyedehdorsa Siadati;Somayeh Esmaili; 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2024,61(3):185-198
This research introduces strength-based therapeutic recreation (STR) as an innovative approach to address job stress, work–family conflict, and family–work conflict among employees. STR involves personalized leisure activities tailored to individuals’ signature character strengths in daily life. The study, encompassing 82 married employees (70.73% female, mean age = 36.77 years), reveals significant reductions in job stress and both work–family and family–work conflicts within the experimental group undergoing a 10-week STR workshop. By empowering employees to engage in strength-based leisure activities, STR enhances the propensity to reduce job stress, work–family conflict, and family–work conflict. This approach holds practical potential for organizations seeking to improve employee mental health and productivity through tailored interventions. 相似文献
219.
Justin F. Landy;Alexander D. Perry; 《Cognitive Science》2024,48(4):e13443
Evaluating other people's moral character is a crucial social cognitive task. However, the cognitive processes by which people seek out, prioritize, and integrate multiple pieces of character-relevant information have not been studied empirically. The first aim of this research was to examine which character traits are considered most important when forming an impression of a person's overall moral character. The second aim was to understand how differing levels of trait expression affect overall character judgments. Four preregistered studies and one supplemental study (total N = 720), using five different measures of importance and sampling undergraduates, online workers, and community members, found that our participants placed the most importance on the traits honest, helpful, compassionate, loyal, and responsible. Also, when integrating the information that they have learned, our participants seemed to engage in a simple averaging process in which all available, relevant information is combined in a linear fashion to form an overall evaluation of moral character. This research provides new insights into the cognitive processes by which evaluations of moral character are formed. 相似文献
220.
《Behavior Therapy》2022,53(5):944-957
Barriers to adaptation faced by mainland Chinese immigrants to Hong Kong can be reduced by improving two targets of adaptation: information about negotiating their new environment and psychological well-being. We developed and evaluated a Compound intervention to address these two domains simultaneously and compared its effects to two separate interventions exclusively targeting either information about Hong Kong or psychological well-being. This cluster randomized controlled trial assigned 251 immigrants to an information provision arm (IP, n = 84) targeting knowledge and adaptation difficulties, a psychological well-being enhancement arm (WBE, n = 80) targeting resilience and mental health, or a Compound arm (i.e., IP + WBE, n = 87). The Compound arm showed stronger effects from baseline to postintervention on knowledge than the WBE arm. From postintervention to 6-month follow-up, the Compound arm showed better sustained effects on knowledge and adaptation difficulties than the IP arm and on resilience and mental health than the WBE arm. Additionally, participants in the Compound arm with more baseline depressive symptoms showed greater improvements in adaptation difficulties and general mental health than those with fewer symptoms. The study demonstrated the longer-term effectiveness of the Compound intervention and its greater benefits for immigrants with more depressive symptoms. 相似文献