结构对称汉字识别的加工机制(I)——整字识别的实验研究

在前期关于整字识别研究的基础上 ,增加任务难度 ,以不同倾斜角度呈现汉字、在心理旋转条件下进一步考察了结构对称汉字识别的加工机制。结果表明 :结构对称字的反应时随着识别难度增加而延长的幅度明显小于非对称汉字 ,而且 ,在刺激字的各种倾斜状态下 ,结构对称汉字的识别反应时均显著小于非对称汉字 ,说明汉字的结构对称性不仅可促进汉字的识别进程 ,而且可增强汉字识别的恒常性。     

论医学人文精神的历史走向

医学人文精神和医学科学精神的整合交融,是医学走向成熟的标志,对生命的终极关怀,是医学人文精神的基本内涵;对医患关系的理解和介入方式,是医学人文精神切入实践的关键;医学人文品格是医学人文精神的良性载体和职业表征。是医生理想的职业人格。这四个问题从不同角度,不同层面凸现了医学人文精神的实质,反映了在新医学模式背景下医学人文精神的历史走向。     

Self-representationalism and phenomenology

To a first approximation, self-representationalism is the view that a mental state M is phenomenally conscious just in case M represents itself in the appropriate way. Proponents of self-representationalism seem to think that the phenomenology of ordinary conscious experience is on their side, but opponents seem to think the opposite. In this paper, I consider the phenomenological merits and demerits of self-representationalism. I argue that there is phenomenological evidence in favor of self-representationalism, and rather more confidently, that there is no phenomenological evidence against self-representationalism.

民初政治道德建构思想的历史透视——以《正谊》杂志为中心

民国初期,部分社会志士以《正谊》杂志为阵地,以道德救亡为主旨,围绕高扬道德为共和所需理念、确立道德因时更张理论、主张铸就共和道德精神、提倡规范国民言行、坚信重塑人格为救亡要途展开政治道德的理论诠释。此举与学理清算道德堕落、名实相悖,官僚治国、“恶精神”泛滥,官无人格、寡廉鲜耻,人心颓废、思潮隳堕等弊端联系在一起。欲藉反省自爱、外力逼迫、典型示范、塑造人格等方法以重铸近代政治理想人格,进而达到实际救亡之目的。     

知觉经验对汉学字形知觉整体性的影响

三项实验通过部件识别法探讨了知觉经验对字形知觉整体性的影响。实验一要求三组不同发展水平的被试命名单独呈现的部件字,结果证实了本实验所用的各组部件字之间的识别难度均等和小学三年级学生的字识别技能明显不如小学六年级和大学学生。实验二使大学生在三种字度和两种字频条件下,分别进行单、双部件的命名,主要得到非字中的部件命名反应时快于假字,后者又快于真字的“字劣效应”以及在真、假字组中的“左>右”或“上>下”的“部位效应”,但未发现字频对部件命名的效应。实验三比较了三组不同年级被试的部件命名作业,发现小六和小三学生在真、假字中的部件命名反应时无明显差异,而大学生较明显,说明前者受字形整体知觉的影响比后者小。这些结果支持了字形知觉整体性随字的知觉经验增长而加强的假设,并在一个基于联结主义框架的字词识别模型中得到了较好解释。     

智力与性格因素影响汉族和白族中小学生品德发展的研究

本研究通过对448名汉族和328名白族中小学生的智力因素、性格因素与其品德发展的相关分析和方差分析,证明：（1）智力因素是影响学生品德发展的一个重要因素;（2）性格因素与学生的品德发展具有广泛的相关,品德优良学生的性格素质显著优于品德中等和品德不良的学生。     

Development of the understanding of character constancy: Expectations of the behavior of friendly and unfriendly peers

Abstract: This study examines developmental changes in the tendency of young children to form generalized expectations of the behavior of friendly and unfriendly classmates in their nursery school. Subjects aged 4, 5, and 6 selected friendly, unfriendly, and neutral peers according to their expected behavior in a particular situation and then predicted the peers' behavior in four situations, one of which was similar to that used in the selection process. It was found that at the age of 4 the expectations of the behavior of unfriendly peers differed from those of the behavior of the other peers, and that by the age of 5 the expectations of the behavior of friendly peers were fairly consistent across different situations. Additionally, the results agreed with our hypothesis that younger children's expectations regarding their peers' behavior toward them are more stable and congruous with the peers' character type than those toward an imaginary friend, as far as the expectations of unfriendly peers' behavior is concerned.     

注意对半视野识别汉字的影响

用视觉外周呈现光点以控制注意的方法,对识别具体和抽象性汉字的脑功能偏侧化进行了研究。注意线索与刺激字在同侧视野呈现的间隔时间（ＳＯＡ）分为０、２９和５７ｍｓ。结果表明,具体性字在三种ＳＯＡ都表现出右视野左半球优势;而抽象性字在０ｍｓ两视野的识别成绩一样好。因此在偏侧视野识别汉字词中注意和脑结构因素似乎起着综合作用。     

汉字识别的计算机模拟

本文总结了作者近年来在连结主义的理论框架下 ,用计算机模拟汉字识别的工作。文章分三部分。第一部分说明了计算机模拟与人工智能的关系。第二部分介绍了作者提出的两个模型 :汉字识别与命名的连结主义模型和基于语义的词汇判断的计算模型。两个模型分别成功地模拟了汉字识别中的频率效应、形声字读音中的规则效应、声旁效应、语义启动效应、语境与频率的交互作用等。第三部分讨论了模拟工作的意义、分布表征、学习算法等问题。研究表明 :认知的计算机模拟能验证人类认知实验的结果 ,对结果提出合理的解释 ,并能指导进一步的实验研究。     

Finding one's way home: Notes on the texture of moral experience

In this article, I seek to illuminate the texture of moral experience. I pursue that aim through a close reading of David Lean's film, Brief Encounter, produced in 1946. The chief protagonist in the film undergoes a moral odyssey that reveals and tests all that she has understood about how to conduct a life. Her experience sheds light on the constituents of an individual moral sensibility as well as how its enactment appears in practice when one confronts a heartfelt difficulty. I argue that moral experience is best understood through the idiom of narrative and character, rather than through ethical language that places formal or universal principle at the center of the moral life. In the workshop of the moral self, as Lean's protagonist reveals, the task is not to fashion or take on universal principles but rather to cultivate virtuous relations with other people in the here-and-now.