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61.
J Northup I Fusilier V Swanson H Roane J Borrero 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(4):615-625
We conducted reinforcer assessments for 3 boys with a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who alternately received either placebo or previously prescribed methylphenidate. Our purpose was to evaluate whether methylphenidate altered the relative reinforcing effectiveness of various stimuli that are often used in classroom-based behavioral treatment programs (e.g., activities, tangible items). Results showed clear differences for some stimuli between reinforcer assessments conducted when participants had received methylphenidate compared to placebo. Results suggest that methylphenidate might act as an establishing operation for some common classroom reinforcers. Implications for the development and evaluation of behavioral treatments are discussed. 相似文献
62.
C C Piazza S A Contrucci G P Hanley W W Fisher 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(4):705-708
The escape-maintained destructive behavior of a girl with mental retardation persisted during hygiene routines with directive prompting, differential reinforcement for compliance, and extinction as treatment. Using nondirective prompting and noncontingent reinforcement, destructive behavior was reduced to near-zero levels during the hygiene routine. 相似文献
63.
Functional analysis test conditions typically manipulate a single antecedent variable and an associated consequence to better isolate response-reinforcer relations. In some instances no problem behavior is observed, perhaps representing a false-negative finding. The present study evaluated one approach to assess potentially false-negative findings within functional analyses. Participants were exposed to single-antecedent functional analysis test conditions and combined-antecedent test conditions within a multielement design. Both participants engaged in problem behavior primarily during the combined-antecedent test conditions, and treatments matched to the results were effective in reducing problem behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of clinical implications of combining antecedent variables to further examine potentially false-negative functional analysis results. 相似文献
64.
Reed GK Dolezal DN Cooper-Brown LJ Wacker DP 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2005,38(2):243-245
We evaluated the effects of sleep disruption on the mealtime behavior of a young boy with developmental disabilities. Results showed that bite acceptance was less likely to persist during meals following disrupted sleep, but only when escape extinction was not implemented. Findings are discussed in terms of establishing operations and the effects of sleep disruption on the assessment and treatment of feeding problems. 相似文献
65.
In the present investigation, a functional analysis of the disruptive behavior of a 18-year-old man who had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate mental retardation was conducted, both when he was taking methylphenidate and when he was not taking the medication. The results of this functional analysis demonstrated that the participant's disruptive behaviors were reinforced by access to attention only when he was not taking methylphenidate. 相似文献
66.
Rudnicka EA 《Science and engineering ethics》2005,11(4):645-654
Graduates of the management major at the University of Pittsburgh at Greensburg find employment in a variety of organizations.
As future managers with employees from different professions, students expressed an interest in discussing ethics cases in
the operations management class. The semester starts with students familiarizing themselves with various professional and
corporate codes of ethics. Throughout the semester a number of short ethics’ cases in operations’ areas such as inventory
management, scheduling, facility location, and product design are introduced to illustrate ethical issues that a manager and
his/her employees might face. Students prepare individual responses before the in-class discussions. The semester ends with
a long group ethics case discussion and formal case presentations. In the end-of-semester survey, students responded very
favorably to an ethics component in the operations management class.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Fourteenth Annual Meeting, Association for Practical and Professional
Ethics, February 24–27, 2005. 相似文献
67.
Smith RG 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1995,28(4):515-535
Self-injurious behavior (SIB) can be maintained through negative reinforcement when, in the context of training or task requirements, it produces escape as a consequence. Several studies have demonstrated methods for identifying and treating SIB maintained by negative reinforcement; however, few analyses of the establishing operations associated with demand situations have been conducted. The current series of studies illustrates a method for identifying some establishing operations for escape by systematically altering certain dimensions of the demand context while maintaining an escape contingency for SIB. Dimensions assessed in these studies included task novelty, duration of instructional sessions, and rate of task presentation. Data indicate that these variables can have establishing properties for behavior maintained by escape. Implications of the results are discussed, as are potential refinements and extensions of the assessment procedures. 相似文献
68.
Donald A. Hantula 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1995,28(3):371-377
This paper explores some of the implications the statistical process control (SPC) methodology described by Pfadt and Wheeler (1995) may have for analyzing more complex performances and contingencies in human services or health care environments at an organizational level. Service delivery usually occurs in an organizational system that is characterized by functional structures, high levels of professionalism, subunit optimization, and organizational suboptimization. By providing a standard set of criteria and decision rules, SPC may provide a common interface for data-based decision making, may bring decision making under the control of the contingencies that are established by these rules rather than the immediate contingencies of data fluctuation, and may attenuate escalation of failing treatments. SPC is culturally consistent with behavior analysis, sharing an emphasis on data-based decisions, measurement over time, and graphic analysis of data, as well as a systemic view of organizations. 相似文献
69.
Caroline Golder 《Argumentation》1993,7(3):343-358
When 16- and 17-year-old students are required to write a framed argumentative text which first supports position A and then supports an opposing position B, the familiarity of the debated topic seems to determine the argumentative quality of the texts produced. Indeed, the possibility of getting personally involved in the discourse leads to more effective writing strategies and to the use of typical marks of argumentation. 相似文献
70.