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131.
Chardie L. Baird 《Sex roles》2008,58(3-4):208-221
The effects of community context on occupational aspirations are examined in a national sample of young women in high school
in the USA in 1979 (n = 2,210). Multilevel statistical models indicate that young women living in counties with a lower divorce rate, a lower percentage
of women working, and more people employed in the wholesale and retail industrial sector tended to be less likely to aspire
to paid work than young women living in areas with a higher divorce rate, a higher percentage of women working, and fewer
people employed in the wholesale and retail industrial sector. Community context does not affect the level of young women’s
occupational aspirations as predicted by prior scholarship.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2006 Southern Sociological Society Annual Meetings. The author thanks
John Reynolds, Patricia Yancey Martin, Irene Padavic, Robert Kunovich, Jennifer Keene, Mary Guy, and the editor and reviewers
at Sex Roles for their helpful comments on previous drafts of this paper. 相似文献
132.
Watson-Thompson J Fawcett SB Schultz JA 《American journal of community psychology》2008,42(1-2):25-38
Community coalitions represent a promising approach for addressing the interrelated and multiply- determined issues affecting urban neighborhoods of concentrated poverty. The literature suggests a number of community processes that may affect coalition efforts to change and improve communities. This study uses an interrupted time-series design to examine the effects of a strategic planning intervention on community change in two urban neighborhoods in the Kansas City metropolitan area. Results showed that strategic planning was associated with increased rates of community change in the two urban neighborhood coalitions. Under appropriate conditions, such as the presence of consistent leadership, strategic planning may be a particularly effective mechanism for stimulating community change and addressing locally-determined goals in urban neighborhoods. 相似文献
133.
Tamsin Bradley 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(4):504-515
This article compares two projects designed to train groups of rural Rajasthani women as community health workers. Through
ethnographic research conducted during the training periods of each project I highlight stark differences in the management
and structural approaches. The successful project recognised the importance of rituals, specifically puja, in the daily lives
of participants. Both the NGO management and the trainees performed daily rituals that helped foster a supportive network.
Sensitivity combined with a wider insight into the practical realities and constraints facing women in rural Rajasthan contributed
to the long-term success of the second project. The first project has folded. I argue a lack of open dialogue and real connection
with participants meant the project’s management were unable to adapt /tailor the program to the needs and experiences of
the women involved.
相似文献
Tamsin BradleyEmail: |
134.
As we navigate a world full of uncertainties and risks, dominated by statistics, we need to be able to think statistically. Very few studies investigating people's ability to understand simple concepts and rules from probability theory have drawn representative samples from the public. For this reason we investigated a representative sample of 1000 Swiss citizens, using six probabilistic problems. Most reasoned appropriately in problems representing pure applications of probability theory, but failed to do so in approximations of real‐world scenarios – a disparity we replicated in a sample of first‐year psychology students. Additionally, education is associated with probabilistic numeracy in the former but not the latter type of problems. We discuss possible reasons for these task disparities and suggest that gaining a comprehensive picture of citizens' probabilistic competence and its determinants requires using both types of tasks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
135.
Jean-Luc Nancy 《Continental Philosophy Review》2008,41(1):1-15
In Being and Time, Heidegger affirms that being-with or Mitsein is an essential constitution of Dasein but he does not submit this existential to the same rigorous analyses as other existentials.
In this essay, Jean-Luc Nancy points to the different places where Heidegger erased the possibility of thinking an essential
with that he himself opened. This erasure is due, according to Nancy, to the subordination of Mitsein to a thinking of the proper and the improper. The polarization of Being-with between an improper face, the Anyone, and a proper one, the people, which is also, as Nancy shows, a polarization between everydayness and historicity, between a being-together in exteriority
(indifference and anonymity) and a being-together in interiority (union through destiny), between a solitary dying and the
sacrificial death in combat, leaves the essential with unthought. This essay shows not only the tensions that arise out of Heidegger’s own analyses of Mitsein and affect the whole
of Being and Time but also underlines in the end a “shortfall in thinking” inherent not only to Heidegger’s work but, as Nancy claims, to our
Western tradition, a shortfall which Nancy has attempted to remedy in his Being Singular Plural.
A slightly different version has been published under the title “L’être-avec de l’être-là” in Lieu-Dit 19 “Communauté” (Spring 2003). All additions in square brackets are the translators’ unless otherwise indicated. The German
words in parentheses are Nancy’s additions. For the translation of citations from Being and Time, we have used the Macquarrie & Robinson’s translation which we have modified only when constrained by Nancy himself. Overall,
we have tried to be faithful to the Heideggerian tone of Nancy’s text by using the accepted English translation of the central
concepts of Being and Time. When we depart from the accepted translations, it is to remain true to Nancy’s paraphrases, emphases, and displacements.
For example, we refrain from using “authentic” and “inauthentic.”
Translated by Marie-Eve Morin
Department of Philosophy, 4-97 Humanities Centre, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E5
e-mail: mmorin1@ualberta.ca
相似文献
相似文献
136.
Two experiments evaluated the source(s) of emergent differential sample behavior in pigeons. Initially, pigeons learned two-sample, two-alternative symbolic matching in which different patterns of sample responding were required to produce the comparisons. Afterwards, two other samples nominally identical to the comparisons were added to the matching task. On new-sample trials, completion of either sample-response requirement produced comparison alternatives which were either the same as or different from the alternatives on the familiar-sample trials. Differential responding to the new samples developed only when the comparisons were the same as the familiar samples. The results are consistent with acquired sample equivalence and adventitious reinforcement accounts of emergent sample behavior and are inconsistent with bidirectional transfer (symmetry) between the response patterns explicitly required to the originally trained (familiar) samples and the subsequently reinforced comparisons. 相似文献
137.
Landau J 《Family process》2007,46(3):351-365
In this article, the Linking Human Systems (LINC) Community Resilience model, a theoretical framework for initiating and sustaining change in communities that have undergone rapid and untimely transition or loss, is presented. The model assumes that individuals, families, and communities are inherently competent and resilient, and that with appropriate support and encouragement, they can access individual and collective strengths that will allow them to transcend their loss. This competence can be nurtured by helping people regain a sense of connectedness with one another; with those who came before them; with their daily patterns, rituals, and stories that impart spiritual meaning; and with tangible resources within their community. Rather than imposing artificial support infrastructures, LINC interventions engage respected community members to act as natural agents for change. These "community links" provide a bridge between outside professionals, families, and communities, particularly in circumstances in which outside intervention may not be welcomed. The article illustrates how LINC interventions successfully have been used in communities around the world. 相似文献
138.
O'Toole C Barnes-Holmes D Smyth S 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2007,88(2):263-283
Participants were trained in a series of interrelated conditional discriminations that aimed to establish four 4-member equivalence classes (i.e., A1-B1-C1-D1, A2-B2-C2-D2, A3-B3-C3-D3, A4-B4-C4-D4). During this training, the four A stimuli (i.e., A1, A2, A3, and A4) were compounded with pictures containing positive or negative evaluative functions (A1/A2 negative & A3/A4 positive). The transfer of evaluative functions to directly and indirectly related members of the equivalence classes (i.e., B, C, and D stimuli) was measured using an Implicit Association Test (IAT). During consistent test blocks, participants were required to press the same response key for target words that were related to those A stimuli that possessed similar evaluative functions (A1/A2-left key & A3/A4-right key). During inconsistent test blocks, target words that were related to those A stimuli with different evaluative functions were assigned to the same response key (A1/A4-left key & A2/A3-right key). Results showed that all 8 participants, who passed a matching-to-sample equivalence test following the IAT, responded more rapidly on consistent relative to inconsistent test blocks. This typical IAT effect was not observed for those participants who did not pass the equivalence test. The results suggest that the IAT effect may arise from formally untested derived relations, and supports the argument that such relations could provide a valid behavioral model of semantic categories in natural language. 相似文献
139.
140.
This study investigated the association between exposure to community violence (ECV) and school functioning, as well as posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms as a potential mediator of the relationship. PTS symptoms are commonly associated with ECV, and are characterized by difficulty regulating emotions and behaviors. Thus, PTS symptomatology may be one mechanism through which community violence impacts school functioning. The community-based sample included 47 low-income African American children (aged 10-13). Results revealed that ECV was inversely related to academic performance and attendance. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress emerged as a mediator of the relation between ECV and academic performance. Results have implications for urban students who face violence in their communities, and emphasize the need for school-based mental health services. 相似文献