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951.
The China Puzzle: Falling Happiness in a Rising Economy 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hilke Brockmann Jan Delhey Christian Welzel Hao Yuan 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(4):387-405
Over the 1990–2000 decade happiness in China plummeted despite massive improvement in material living standards. This finding
contradicts the notion that income growth at low living standards leads to gains, not losses, in happiness. We explain this
puzzle by drawing on a specific version of relative deprivation theory, the concept of “frustrated achievers.” Our major finding
is that income inequality in China became increasingly skewed towards the upper income strata, so that related to the average
income the financial position of most Chinese worsened. Consequently, financial dissatisfaction rose and became an increasingly
important factor in depressing happiness. Other negative feelings emerging with rapid transitions, such as anomie and disaffection,
show a less depressive effect on Chinese happiness. We conclude with some speculations about the applicability of our findings
to transition economies in general.
相似文献
Jan DelheyEmail: |
952.
Despite the interest in assessing quality of life issues among college students, there is limited research on domain-specific
life satisfaction. This preliminary study investigated the demographic correlates of the Brief Multidimensional Students’
Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS) from a sample of 522 students at a Midwestern University. A 4 × 2 × 2 between-groups analysis
of variance was performed to detect differences in overall life satisfaction score means and for each individual BMSLSS domain
(family, friends, school, self, living environment, and globally) in relation to year in school, gender, and race, and the
interactions of these variables. Mean overall scores did not differ significantly by gender, year in school, or race. However,
main effects were observed for race in the School and Self domains, where Caucasian students reported greater satisfaction
with school and self than minority students. These preliminary data may provide a useful reference for researchers engaged
in quality of life research with college students. 相似文献
953.
Chia-Huei Wu 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(1):37-47
The purpose of this study was to (1) construct an index to indicate the strength of a tendency to upgrade importance of life
domains with lower have–want discrepancy and downgrade importance of life domains with larger have–want discrepancy for an
individual (termed shifting tendency) and (2) use this index to test if shifting tendency has a positive correlation with
global life satisfaction. The dataset was gain from Wu and Yao, 2006, Social Indicators Research, 79, 485–502), in which 332 undergraduate students at National Taiwan University participated in the survey. The mean age was
19.80 years (SD = 1.98). They completed a quality of life questionnaire, which contains 12 life domains. Satisfaction, importance
and perceived have–want discrepancy were measured for 12 different life domains. Global life satisfaction was measured as
well. Results showed that shifting tendency had a positive and significant correlation with average domain satisfaction and
global life satisfaction. In addition, shifting tendency and have–want discrepancy had unique effects in predicting average
domain satisfaction and global life satisfaction, suggesting that shifting tendency itself can contribute to a better QOL.
The role of shifting tendency on QOL was discussed. 相似文献
954.
Experimental exposure to idealized media portrayals of women is thought to induce social comparisons in female viewers and thereby to be generally detrimental to female viewers’ satisfaction with their own appearance. Through meta-analysis, the present paper examines the impact of moderators of this effect, some identified and updated from a prior meta-analysis and some that have hitherto received little attention. Participants’ pre-existing appearance concerns and the processing instructions participants were given when exposed to media portrayals were found to significantly moderate effect sizes. With regard to processing instructions, a novel and counter-intuitive pattern was revealed; effect sizes were smallest when participants were instructed to focus on the appearance of women in media portrayals, and largest when participants processed the portrayals on a distracting, non-appearance dimension. These results are interpreted through a framework that suggests that social comparisons are automatic processes, the effects of which can be modified through conscious processing. 相似文献
955.
956.
Philip Knowles 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(1):72-76
Psychologists frequently collaborate in the care of patients managed in primary care. Communication with a patient’s primary
care team is important to ensure coordination and continuity of care. The communication is far from seamless. Although The
Health Information Privacy and Portability Act (HIPPA) is designed to promote sharing of clinical information while protecting
patient confidentiality, unique problems arise when mental health records are included. Mental health records are subject
to different regulations to protect the patient’s confidentiality. Thus, what is communicated and how it will be accomplished
are challenges. Further, psychologists and primary care providers often view documentation differently, resulting in different
styles of documenting that may also impede coordinated care. Increasingly, health care systems are moving toward electronic
medical records, creating greater opportunities for an integrated record. Improved communication through the record can keep
other providers abreast of the mental health care being provided as well as suggestions they can use to reinforce the mental
health care treatment plan. 相似文献
957.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being in a sample of Greek Orthodox Christians. Previous research has documented that personal devotion, participation in religious activities, and religious salience are positively associated with different criteria of psychological well-being. The sample (83 men and 280 women) with an age range from 18 to 48 years, was strongly skewed with respect to sex (77% female) and education level (95% were university students or university graduates). Religiosity was operationalized as church attendance, frequency of prayer and belief salience. In addition, a single item referring to beliefs about God was used. Depression, anxiety, loneliness, and general life satisfaction were selected as dependent variables because they reflect important dimensions of psychological well-being. Preliminary analyses showed that sex was significantly related to the three religiosity variables (church attendance, frequency of prayer, belief salience), with women being more religious than men. Consistent with previous research, correlations suggested that church attendance and belief salience were associated with better life satisfaction. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed a significant positive association between anxiety and frequency of personal prayer. Finally, personal beliefs about God did not seem to relate to any of the psychological well-being measures. The results of the present study partially support the hypothesized association between religiosity and psychological well-being. 相似文献
958.
959.
We discuss important ways in which the framing of a question or a decision can have significant effects on responses. Several areas of research and theory that indicate the scope and importance of these effects are presented. The major discussion, however, is limited to how respnses to comparative judgments and constrained by the other or sequence in which the direction of comparison occurs. Direction of comparison is first discussed with respect to similarity judgments, in which a model taking direction of comparison into account is used to explain both degrees of perceived similarity and asymmetries in judgment. A feature-matching model of comparison is then developed and is used to analyze preference judgments, judgments of change, and self-relevant judgments involving comparisons of the self with other people, with counterfactual alternatives to reality, and with the self at a different point in time. This model is employed to account for predecisional conflict and difficulty, the preference that one makes, and the degree of satisfaction or regret that one feels subsequent to making a comparison. Finally, the potential for applying this framework to areas of consumer behavior, political decision making, and psychotherapy is explored. Techniques for taking advantage of direction of comparison effects as well as methods for eliminating the biases associated with these effects are discussed. 相似文献
960.
Jennifer Sharma Janet McKelvey Ron Hardy Michael H. Epstein Richard G. Lomax Paula Jo Hruby 《Journal of child and family studies》1997,6(2):209-219
Large urban areas present many challenges to those children and adults who reside in those settings. The social service workers in urban areas have clients with complex, multiple needs. Reliable and consistent workers are essential to successfully working with these families. In the current study, the job satisfaction of 29 social service workers in an urban child welfare agency was assessed using the Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). The JSS measures satisfaction in 7 areas of one's job (i.e., work, supervision, coworkers, pay and promotion, work environment, training, and position). Data indicated that the staff were relatively satisfied, that satisfaction did not vary by staff position (family worker vs. social worker/supervisor), and that neither demographic factors nor prior experiences were predictors of job satisfaction. Implications for agency management and the provision of social services to urban families are discussed. 相似文献