语篇中代词指代的研究进展

代词的指代在语篇局部连贯性中具有关键作用。中心理论是代词指称中的重要理论,它解释了语篇中代词的分布规律;注意驱动理论是在中心理沦的基础上结合重音预设解释重音或非重音代词。影响代词指称的因素有语义因素和结构因素。对代词的认知研究另一方面主要集中在对歧义代词的解释．对歧义代词的解释的研究一方面采用重复姓名不利实验范式,另一方面的研究采用的研究方法是探测词任务。在汉语中对代词的研究主要是对文本语篇的研究。     

The effortful citizen: Discursive social psychology and welfare reform

The present study applies a broadly discursive approach to the representation of welfare reform and unemployment through an analysis of the deployment of an interpretative repertoire of effortfulness in posts to an internet discussion forum. It is argued that when posters construct versions of unemployed people or welfare recipients as characterized by ‘laziness’ or lack of ‘effort’ the attribution of responsibility for unemployment is frequently not the only piece of discursive business being attended to. In addition, posters attend to issues of their own accountability and, significantly, the accountability of the government or welfare system itself for the extent to which welfare recipients are formally held to account. It is argued that this approach extends previous social psychological work on the explanation of unemployment insofar as it pays attention to the context‐specific functions performed by such explanations. Moreover, in orienting to the welfare system as having a responsibility to hold welfare recipients to account, posters are drawing on a set of discursive resources which essentially treat the government of individual psychology as a legitimate function of the welfare system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integrating Care for Persons, Not Only Diseases

Integrated care is geared toward enhancing usual care and decision-making for common combinations of medical and mental health conditions, including the behavioral health and behavioral change aspects. Yet even with comprehensive and well-integrated care for health conditions and well-coordinated teamwork in place, some patients do not engage or respond to care in the way clinicians would like or predict. This troubles patients and clinicians alike and may be chalked up informally to things like medical complexity (multiple co-existing conditions), mental health conditions (that complicate care), or simply the case being considered complex or difficult. It also raises the question of how to address person-specific factors that interfere with care of whatever conditions the patient may have, and invites behavioral health clinicians in medical settings to look beyond care of conditions to the care of persons, and to look beyond disease-specific care management protocols to master generic practices of care management across whatever conditions the person may have. This person-centered emphasis is intrinsic to the concept of the “patient-centered medical home” which has burst into animated discussion and demonstration among providers, health plans, government plans, employer purchasers, and professional associations across public and private entities. This represents an opportunity for collaborative care clinicians to help shape the national state of the art in medical home and includes a range of person-oriented (rather than disease-oriented) practices for care management, including working systematically with complex patients and difficult patient–clinician relationships.     

Fragmentation or Differentiation: Questioning the Crisis in Psychology

There is a recurrent discourse about the fragmentation of psychology and its crises as a science, which often leads to a disenchanted view about its future. To this discourse we oppose a developmental one, in which crises can be occasions for development, and in which development might imply differentiation. We first review why psychology can be said to be in crisis. We then situate the crisis in the pragmatics of doing psychology. Crises occur when psychologists have problems either working with other psychologists or with communities. We argue that collaborative research is a way to overcome these crises. Specifically we suggest three specific scientific activities that can lead to the development of psychology: collaborative research methods, the identification of nodal concepts that enable the bringing together of different approaches and disciplines, and the creation and maintenance of institutional spaces that enable creative, collaborative work.

Narrative rationality and the logic of scientific discourse

This essay argues that scientific discourse is amenable to interpretation and assessment from the perspective of the narrative paradigm and its attendant logic, narrative rationality. It also contends that this logic entails a revised conception of knowledge, one that permits the possibility of wisdom. The text analyzed is James D. Watson and Francis H. Crick's proposal of the double helix model of DNA.     

Beyond the qualitative paradigm: A framework for introducing diversity within qualitative psychology

The case for qualitative research in psychology is considered. We argue against the idea that qualitative research is merely a matter of technique or method, and question the utility of viewing it as a unitary paradigm. Rather, the links between epistemology, methodology, and method are explored within three theorized strands of qualitative inquiry, making reference to illustrative projects. Each strand is organized around a different approach to the issues of justifying and warranting psychological knowledge: (1) reliability and validity; (2) generativity and grounding; and (3) discourse and reflexivity. These are exemplified in Miles and Huberman's ‘data display’ model, Glaser and Strauss' method of ‘grounded theory’, and in various forms of ‘discourse’ analysis. Reflections upon points of contact between the three strands address two main issues: (1) rendering research publicly accountable; and (2) challenging relativism.     

Disbelief,lies, and manipulations in a transactional discourse model

Disbelief, lies, and manipulations have been objects of scholarly consideration from widely different perspectives: historical, sociological, philosophical, ethical, logical, and pragmatic. In this paper, these notions are re-examined in the framework of a Transactional Discourse Model which operates in terms of the location and relocation of various knowledge items within two sets of knowledge, A and B, representing two interlocators A and B, and two of their subsets C_a and C_b, which constitute the sets of the matters of A's and B's current concern. This approach reveals certain formal features shared by lies, disbelief, and manipulations that indicate that these three types of discourse behavior constitute a deviation from successful interpersonal communication as defined in the proposed model. The model, moreover, enables us to explicitly capture both the similarities and the differences of lies and manipulations with other pragmatic phenomena, such as jokes, impersonating, role-acting, memory failure, politeness expressions, and tact; the comparison suggests that certain modifications of Gricean conversational maxims may be in order.     

Why do people rideshare? An experimental study

Enabled by mobile technologies and fueled by the economic downturn, ridesharing has emerged in recent years as a private transportation facet of the shared economy. Our study investigates the motives for participation in situated ridesharing. We propose a theoretical model that includes economic benefits, time benefits, transportation anxiety, trust, and reciprocity either as direct antecedents of ridesharing participation intention, or mediated through attitude towards ridesharing. We conduct a scenario-based survey, with 300 participants. Our findings indicate that, in situations where transportation anxiety is high (e.g. construction on the road), if people can trust the ridesharing service providers and participants, in the presence of economic and time benefits, they will have a strong intention to participate in ridesharing.     

精细阐述在先行信息通达中的作用

先前研究发现,在篇章阅读理解中,先行信息与当前信息的合适与否是影响其通达的重要因素。本研究进一步引入精细阐述因素,通过窗口阅读及命名探测技术,以含错误信息的文章为阅读材料,探讨在篇章阅读理解中,精细阐述、信息的合适与否两者相比,何者对先行信息的通达速度影响更大。结果发现,如果错误信息受到精细阐述,在遇到相关的回指词时该信息会比合适、但未受精细阐述的先行信息更快得以通达,表明精细阐述在先行信息通达过程中具有相当重要的作用。     

语篇中指代词的分布规律与心理机制

语篇理解加工过程的一个重要环节就是对不同类型的指代词进行解释。首先介绍了指代词在语篇中的分布规律和对局部语篇连贯性的影响;其次,分析了话语信息结构和韵律特征在指代词加工中的作用;然后,揭示了语篇当中不同类型的指代词分布规律的心理机制;最后。对以前指代词研究的贡献和有待解决的问题进行了评述,并指出了几个可行的研究方法。