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991.
Paul W. Speer N. Andrew Peterson Brian D. Christens Robert J. Reid 《American journal of community psychology》2019,64(3-4):528-540
Psychological empowerment (PE) is a multicomponent construct that involves the mechanisms through which people and groups gain control over their lives and environments. Psychological empowerment has previously been operationalized using measures of sociopolitical control among young people, with findings indicating links between PE and other positive developmental outcomes. Sociopolitical control, however, is only an indicator for the emotional component of PE. Research has largely neglected the cognitive component of PE, particularly in studies of younger people. In fact, few studies to date have presented and empirically tested measurement instruments for the cognitive component of PE among youth. In this study, we adapted a measure, which previously had been validated and used among adults, for use among young people and tested it in a sample of high school students (53% female, 75% Hispanic) in an urban school in the northeastern U.S. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to assess the hypothesized three‐factor structure of cognitive empowerment, and the measure was examined for association with the construct of social justice orientation. Results indicate an adequate fit for the second‐order factor, and an expected relationship with the related construct. 相似文献
992.
The purpose of this study was to explore the level of inter- and intra-individual variability in the kinematic profiles of the back squat movement among skilled weightlifters. Ten competitive weightlifters volunteered for participation in this study. Barbell velocity (VBarbell) and angular velocity of the ankle (ωAnkle), knee (ωKnee) and hip joint (ωHip) were obtained by kinematic recording of six trials at 90% of 1RM in the back squat. Inter-individual variability was assessed by analysing inter-individual differences in the velocity curves through the statistical parametric mapping method. Intra-individual variability was assessed through a correlation analysis between the barbell velocity curves of each trial for each participant. Partial least squares regression analysis, was performed to relate changes in intra-individual variability to movement and anthropometric characteristics. Significant inter- and intra-individual differences were identified in VBarbell, ωAnkle, ωKnee, and ωHip (p ≤ 0.05). Having a short trunk and thigh, and a long shin in combination with greater anterior-posterior displacement of the barbell and slower velocities during the acceleration phase increased intra-individual movement consistency over movement variability. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that skilled weightlifters display both significant inter- and intra-individual variability in the successful execution of the back squat. 相似文献
993.
994.
Samar Jean El Khoury 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2019,47(1):65-80
This study investigated the impact of age, gender, language and acculturation choice on the sociocultural adjustment and well-being of Syrian refugees in Stuttgart, Germany. A total of 214 Syrian refugees participated in this study by filling a demographics questionnaire, the Acculturation Attitudes Scale (AAS-16), the Revised Sociocultural Adjustment Scale (R-SCAS), and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-18). The results showed that the level of German language acquisition significantly correlated with sociocultural adjustment. No significant correlation was found between age and depression level and no significant difference in depression scores were found as a function of gender. Integration significantly correlated with sociocultural adjustment and mental health. Assimilation correlated significantly with sociocultural adjustment, and separation correlated negatively with mental health. 相似文献
995.
Andreas Glckner Tilmann Betsch 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2008,107(1):75-95
Brandstätter, Gigerenzer, and Hertwig [Brandstätter, E., Gigerenzer, G., & Hertwig, R. (2006). The Priority Heuristic: Making choices without trade-offs. Psychological Review, 113(2), 409–432] put forward the priority heuristic (PH) as a fast and frugal heuristic for decisions under risk. According to the PH, individuals do not make trade-offs between gains and probabilities, as proposed by expected utility models such as cumulative prospect theory (CPT), but use information in a non-compensatory manner and ignore information. We conducted three studies to test the PH empirically by analyzing individual choice patterns, decision times and information search parameters in diagnostic decision tasks. Results on all three dependent variables conflict with the predictions of the PH and can be better explained by the CPT. The predictive accuracy of the PH was high for decision tasks in which the predictions align with the predictions of the CPT but very low for decision tasks in which this was not the case. The findings indicate that earlier results supporting the PH might have been caused by the selection of decision tasks that were not diagnostic for the PH as compared to CPT. 相似文献
996.
Personality as a Prospective Vulnerability to Dysphoric Symptoms Among College Students: Proposed Mechanisms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zia Lakdawalla Benjamin L. Hankin 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):121-131
Personality and psychopathology have long been associated; however, the mechanisms that account for this link are not well
understood. Stress generation and cognitive vulnerability are examined as potential mechanisms to explain the association
between negative emotionality and dysphoria. To evaluate these mechanisms, college students completed measures of personality,
dysfunctional attitudes, negative cognitive style, dysphoric symptoms, and negative events. Two years later the same students
reported on the occurrence of negative events and levels of dysphoric symptoms that they had experienced over the 2-year follow-up
period. Consistent with hypotheses, negative emotionality predicted prospective increases in dysphoric symptoms and the generation
of more stressors over time. Both dysfunctional attitudes and negative cognitive style interacted with these additional stressors
to predict prospective elevations in dysphoria, and these cognitive vulnerability–stress components partially mediated the
association between negative emotionality and future elevations of dysphoric symptoms.
相似文献
Benjamin L. HankinEmail: |
997.
Joyce M. Alexander Kathy E. Johnson Mary E. Leibham Ken Kelley 《Cognitive development》2008,23(2):324-334
We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the relative intensity and duration of interests associated with conceptual domains between the ages of 4 and 6 years, respectively. Results indicated a significant portion of preschool children do sustain an interest in conceptual domains during some portion of their childhood. Expected gender differences were found, with boys more likely to express an interest in a conceptual domain than girls. A latent growth curve analysis revealed that the probability of exhibiting a conceptual interest declined as school began, though the rate of that decline was similar for both boys and girls. Potential explanations for the decrease in conceptual interests as school begins are considered. 相似文献
998.
This article focuses on how the principles and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) can be adapted to the field of
coaching to become cognitive behaviour coaching (CBC) and the current empirical status of CBC is discussed. The centrepiece
of CBC practice is the ABCDE model of identifying psychological blocks and their removal. Typical tools and techniques used
in CBC are outlined and ten key questions to ask in coaching are advanced. What CBC can offer coaches is discussed and, finally,
suggestions are made to point out when coaching should really be counselling. 相似文献
999.
MOVE problems, like the Tower of London (TOL) or the Water Jug (WJ) task, are planning tasks that appear structurally similar and are assumed to involve similar cognitive processes. Carder et al. [Carder, H.P., Handley, S.J., & Perfect, T.J. ( 2004). Deconstructing the Tower of London: Alternative moves and conflict resolution as predictors of task performance. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 57a, 8, 1459-1483] showed that one predictor of TOL performance was the number of alternative move choices there were at a given point in the solution. In two experiments an individual move experienced on the WJ task was manipulated (perceptually consistent/counterintuitive) along with the number of alternative moves there were to choose between. A verification paradigm was employed in which participants made speeded judgements about the correctness of a move. Results showed performance was consistent with the application of a perceptual strategy accompanied by a process involving the evaluation of non-redundant alternative moves. These are discussed in the context of recent research that has examined the impact of executive dysfunction on Water Jug performance [Colvin, M.K., Dunbar, K., & Grafman, J. (2001). The effects of frontal lobe lesions on goal achievement in the Water Jug task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 1129-1147]. 相似文献
1000.
Recent findings suggest the involvement of the cerebellum in perceptual and cognitive tasks. Our study investigated whether cerebellar patients show musical priming based on implicit knowledge of tonal-harmonic music. Participants performed speeded phoneme identification on sung target chords, which were either related or less-related to prime contexts in terms of the tonal-harmonic system. As groups, both cerebellar patients and age-matched controls showed facilitated processing for related targets, as previously observed for healthy young adults. The outcome suggests that an intact cerebellum is not mandatory for accessing implicit knowledge stored in long-term memory and for its influence on perception. One patient showed facilitated processing for less-related targets (suggesting sensory priming). The findings suggest directions for future research on auditory perception in cerebellar patients to further our understanding of cerebellar functions. 相似文献