Adapting REBT to the World of Business

Although REBT was developed as a therapeutic approach in the field of clinical psychology, its very direct and pragmatic approach to enhancing human functioning makes it exceptionally effective when adapted to the sphere of consulting to businesses. However, to be successful, a REBT clinician needs to take into consideration the different culture, the different client, and the different types of problems one is faced with in the corporate world versus the clinical world. Clinical concepts and vocabulary had best be changed so as to appear more educational and business-like. Whether used in a one-on-one coaching situation, in a group setting with a team, or with a family business to resolve conflict, the overriding goal is enhanced functioning on the job and ultimately, increased growth and profits for the business.     

早发型重度子痫前期的诊疗决策

早发型重度予痫前期可采取保守治疗恰当延长孕龄,减少因胎儿不成熟导致的围生儿死亡。但对妊娠28周～32周以前者的保守治疗,应采取非常慎重的态度,可以预期结局作为临床决策依据,恰当把握终止妊娠的时机与指征,达到提高胎儿有效成活率,避免孕产妇终末脏器不可逆损害,降低孕产妇病死率与婴幼儿死亡及病残率,减轻家庭和社会负担的目的。     

哮喘教育和管理工作中的一些新的启示与思考

简要叙述了目前哮喘防治中存在的问题,提出必须彻底转变哮喘防控模式,简单介绍了我们自己的哮喘教育和管理的具体做法及其效果,最后就哮喘的防控和管理提出一些值得思考的问题,包括建立和谐医患关系,减轻医疗经济负担,建立新型疾病防控模式和医疗服务体系等。     

创业者差错取向的绩效作用及其跨文化比较

创业企业是创业者的延伸,但创业者对创业企业的影响究竟是怎样的,当前的研究进展还不能很好的解释这点。研究采用跨文化比较的方法,首先分析中国和德国的创业者差错取向对创业企业差错气氛的影响模式,然后检验中国样本和德国样本的跨文化测量等同性,之后对比并综合分析两组样本模型的异同。研究发现在中国样本模型中,创业企业差错气氛在创业者差错取向的绩效影响中不起中介作用,而在德国样本模型中正相反。此外,研究还发现创业者个性特质对企业组织气氛存在一种“投影”影响     

工业组织心理学中的社会称许性研究

首先介绍了社会称许性测量中的归因与否认模型、自我欺骗与印象管理模型,相关的研究分别指出社会称许性既具有特质性又具有情境性。其次综述了计算机呈现的问卷测量与纸笔问卷在社会称许性上的差异;称许性反应对组织心理学中构念间关系的影响——称许性对构念间的关系存在调节作用,但并没有想象的广泛;以及称许性反应对选拔中的人格测验的影响。在此基础上提出了一些关于称许性研究对人格测量、职务分析的影响以及控制称许性反应方面的未来研究问题。     

An Application of MCDM in Water Resources Problems

In this paper a practical application of MCDM in water resources problems is presented. Based on a real project for Qinhuangdao water resources management sponsored by Qinhuangdao Municipality, we construct a set of models for inflow forecast, reservoir operations, water supply and allocation, and flood routing for system optimal operation and flood management. A stochastic dynamic programming (DP) model with a fuzzy criterion is proposed for monthly reservoir operations. A series of goal programming (GP) models is built for water supply and allocation on different planning and operating levels. The DP–GP models fulfil the optimal operation tasks of a water resources management decision support system (WRMDSS) for Qinhuangdao water resources management.     

The worm at the core: A terror management perspective on the roots of psychological dysfunction

A growing body of research derived from terror management theory [e.g., Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1991). A terror management theory of social behavior: The psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology: vol. 24 (pp. 93–159). New York: Academic Press] suggests that the human struggle with the awareness of inevitable death can greatly impact people's physical and psychological well-being. The current article reviews converging lines of research that investigate the role of terror management processes in physical and mental health. Specifically, we present research that elucidates the role of death concerns in (1) conscious threat-focused defenses, (2) self-esteem striving, (3) depression, (4) anxiety disorders, (5) discomfort with the physicality of the body and (6) neuroticism. We conclude that terror management theory builds upon the work of other existential scholars and mental health perspectives to provide a broad conceptual and empirically based account of how deeply rooted existential fears manifest in ways that prove both psychologically and physically problematic. We also suggest how future research and social interventions can be employed to help individuals manage basic fears in ways that do not compromise their psychological and physical health.     

Optimization of Social Structure in Business Networks by Grid-Technique and Polyhedral Analysis

This article deals with the definition and analysis of the social, communicative, and cognitive abilities of managers acting in network contexts. We can tackle the complex relationship of role demands and role adoption by applying grid-technique and polyhedral analysis. We can gather data on context-specific personal constructs with the help of the grid technique. Using these data, polyhedral analysis shows how defined persons are integrated into the relation structures within a network. Beyond this, we show if and how relevant criteria such as holes, connectivity, and eccentricity can be employed for analyzing problems stemming from personnel management. Based upon the applied methods, it is possible to provide information about the relevant structures within networks used in personnel selection and competency development. Decision makers have the task to select among the measures of personnel management. Within the relevant context, these measures should be suited to ensure the stability and efficiency of the network.     

医疗风险、责任与对策

医疗风险是医疗实践中客观存在的一种具有不确定性、损害性事件,对患者、医院和医学的发展有着不利的影响。医疗风险的存在有着复杂的原因,因此,对医疗风险管理与防范也应该采取包括提高医疗技术水平、加强风险教育、实行医疗责任保险等多种手段。     

The effects of personal and collective mortality salience on individualism: Comparing Australians and Japanese with higher and lower self-esteem

The cross-cultural generality of terror management theory was examined in Australia and Japan. Based on previous research suggesting that individualism is stronger in Australia than in Japan, mortality salience was predicted to enhance individualism in Australia, but to reduce it in Japan. The results supported this prediction. Consistent with the theory, the cultural pattern of worldview defense was found only among Australians and Japanese with low self-esteem. We also found preliminary evidence that collective mortality (death of one’s in-group) has a greater impact than personal mortality (personal death) in Japan. Although the cultural worldview and self-esteem may serve terror management functions in both cultures, there may be differences between cultures in the type of mortality that produces the greatest levels of anxiety and the manner in which a given worldview is used to cope with anxiety about mortality.