Intrusive images in PTSD and in traumatised and non-traumatised depressed patients: a cross-sectional clinical study

Although intrusive images are a hallmark of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and also occur in depression, little is known about the differences and similarities of such images in these conditions. Our study focuses on the qualities and triggers of intrusive images and responses to them in three groups--patients with PTSD, and depressed patients with and without trauma (n=65)-to highlight the diagnostic specificity of intrusive images for PTSD and depression. We distinguished intrusive images from verbal intrusive cognitions such as rumination and intrusive (brief) lexical thoughts. Consistent with the literature, the intrusive images of PTSD patients had a more "here-and-now quality" and were perceived more visually compared to those of both depressed groups. The groups showed a good deal of similarity concerning other image qualities. Most importantly, the intrusive images in PTSD and depressed patients with and without trauma were perceived as similarly distressing. Rumination and intrusive (brief) lexical thoughts were two of the five most named triggers of intrusive images. Limitations, such as the lack of a control group, and the clinical implications of these results are discussed, demonstrating the need to help non-PTSD patients with and without trauma to deal with intrusive images.     

Music in dreams and the emergence of the self

Abstract :  This paper deals with the presence and possible 'meaning' of music in dreams. The author explores a possible meaning of music as the most fundamental human symbolic experience, which directly points to the emergence of the Self from the primal union mystique with the Great Mother. The relationships between acoustic and visual experiences are taken into account as two basic human forms of coming into existence, although wholly different from each other. The role of music in dreams seems to be that of the most direct representation of the emerging Self in its pure, pre-representational form. Therefore, when music appears in dreams, providing there is the activation of an emotional tone, all other elements—visual and verbal—should be considered as the expression of the sense to which the music is pointing. A clinical example is described in order to better express the author's opinions.     

古人论文学语言和意象

本文介绍古人对如何解决语言和意象不相一致这一问题的一些意见,并从中归纳出四种解决问题的方法：１．让形象说话,２．抓住事物主要特征,３．不即不离地描写,４．语言浅近     

Detection of subtype blood cells using deep learning

Deep Learning has already shown power in many application fields, and is accepted by more and more people as a better approach than the traditional machine learning models. In particular, the implementation of deep learning algorithms, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), brings huge benefits to the medical field, where a huge number of images are to be processed and analyzed. This paper aims to develop a deep learning model to address the blood cell classification problem, which is one of the most challenging problems in blood diagnosis. A CNN-based framework is built to automatically classify the blood cell images into subtypes of the cells. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of 13k images of blood cells with their subtypes, and the results show that our proposed model provide better results in terms of evaluation parameters.     

A case-controlled field study evaluating ICD-11 proposals for relational problems and intimate partner violence

Background/Objective: Intimate partner relationship problems and intimate partner abuse and neglect — referred to in this paper as “relational problems and maltreatment” — have substantial and well-documented impact on both physical and mental health. However, classification guidelines, such as those found in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), are vague and unlikely to support consistent application. Revised guidelines proposed for ICD-11 are much more operationalized. We used standardized clinical vignette conditions with an international panel of clinicians to test if ICD-11 changes resulted in improved classification accuracy. Method: English-speaking mental health professionals (N = 738) from 65 nations applied ICD-10 or ICD-11 (proposed) guidelines with experimentally manipulated case presentations of presence or absence of (a) individual mental health diagnoses and (b) relational problems or maltreatment. Results: ICD-11, compared with ICD-10, guidelines resulted in significantly better classification accuracy, although only in the presence of co-morbid mental health problems. Clinician factors (e. g., gender, language, world region) largely did not impact classification performance. Conclusions: Despite being considerably more explicated, raters’ performance with ICD-11 guidelines reveals training issues that should be addressed prior to the release of ICD-11 in 2018 (e. g., overriding the guidelines with pre-existing archetypes for relationship problems and physical and psychological abuse).     

略论刘一明《西游原旨》对卦爻象的运用

刘一明所著《西游原旨》,以"金丹大道"贯通全书,是清代《西游记》研究的集大成之作.由于"金丹"之道的理论基础是《周易参同契》所构建的象数易理体系,因此,揭示《西游记》与象数易理的内在关系,成为刘一明《西游原旨》的核心内容.本文从"人"、"名"、"数"、"事"四个方面,对《西游原旨》中卦爻象的运用进行了简要分析,以期弥补这方面研究的空白.     

论《周易》的“制器尚象”

“制器尚象”,不是如孔颖达等人理解的“依卦造器”或“观象制器”,而是借助各种发明创造事例(如井、鼎),来揭示“人法自然”思想在日常生活中的广泛运用。进而从侧面角度表达《易》道的广大和周普。     

Eating disorder NOS (EDNOS): an example of the troublesome "not otherwise specified" (NOS) category in DSM-IV

The “Not Otherwise Specified” (NOS) category within DSM-IV is designed for disorders of clinical severity that are not specified within broad diagnostic classes. “NOS” diagnoses are intended to be residual categories and they tend to be neglected by researchers. This can be inappropriate. The problems associated with certain NOS diagnoses are well illustrated by “Eating Disorder NOS” (sometimes termed EDNOS), which is the most common category of eating disorder encountered in routine clinical practice yet it has barely been studied. Indeed, there has been no research on its treatment. Interim and longer-term conceptual and practical solutions to the anomalous status of eating disorder NOS are proposed including the creation of a new diagnosis termed “mixed eating disorder”. Several of these solutions are of relevance to NOS categories in general. All the solutions should fulfil criteria for clinical utility.     

王安石《易象论解》与《序卦传》

<易象论解>是王安石模仿<序卦传>形式所作的另类"新<序卦传>".在<易象论解>中,王安石独辟徯径,发掘<周易>的<大象>传文的内在逻辑联系,按六十四卦的编排顺序,诠释六十四卦卦时相因及相反的关系.不仅从新的角度论证了六十四卦编排顺序的合理性,并且完成了自己政治主张和政治理想的基本表述,在形式和内容上都具有鲜明的时代特色.由此弥补了<序卦传>过于简单的缺陷,丰富了<易传>系统的内容.     

Issues in common law pleading and ancient rhetoric

The concepts of issue and status are more different than is currently assumed. Apart from differences between the classifications of statements they are related to, there are differences between their definitions. The respective functions of pleadings and of inventio account for most of these differences.