The relationship between suppression and subsequent intrusions: the mediating role of peritraumatic dissociation and anxiety

Background and objectives: Although previous studies showed that thought and emotion suppression represent risk factors for intrusions development, the mechanisms that explain these relations were less explored. This study aims to examine the relationships between thought and emotion suppression and the symptoms of intrusion following the exposure to a trauma-related event. Moreover, we explored if these relationships would be mediated by peritraumatic state dissociation and state anxiety.

Design and methods: The trauma film paradigm was used and the participants were students (N?=?148) experimentally exposed to an aversive film to model a traumatic experience. Thought and emotion suppression were measured before the trauma exposure. After exposure, the participants completed scales for measuring state dissociation and state anxiety. Intrusive images and thoughts of the film were recorded in the subsequent week using an intrusion diary.

Results: Thought suppression predicted intrusive thoughts frequency, and this effect was mediated by the peritraumatic anxiety. State anxiety predicted both intrusive images and thoughts, while state dissociation only predicted intrusive images.

Conclusions: Intrusive images and intrusive thoughts are different phenomena and they are predicted by different variables. The practical implications of these results for posttraumatic stress disorder treatment and secondary traumatization are discussed.     

Variation in the Application of the “Promiscuous Female” Stereotype and the Nature of the Application Domain: Influences on Sexual Harassment Judgments after Exposure to the Jerry Springer Show

This study was designed to explore how the impact of exposure to a few stereotyped group members can be mediated by individual variation in stereotype application to other group members. When compared to participants exposed to nonpromiscuous women on an episode of the Jerry Springer Show, those exposed to promiscuous women perceived a victim of sexual harassment as less traumatized and more responsible for the event. In addition, exposure condition had no impact on judgments when the man physically touched the victim. Conversely, when he made a verbal comment or verbal request, those in the promiscuous condition reported perceptions of less victim trauma and made greater attributions of victim responsibility. The findings also indicate that the effects of exposure to the promiscuous woman depictions were mediated by individual variation in attributions of victim promiscuity. Finally, activation of the promiscuous female stereotype was also shown to have generalized to judgments of women in a nonsexual domain.     

性格优势与美德研究的现状、困境与出路

性格优势和美德是源于“价值实践分类体系”同一架构中不同层次的概念。过去十年的研究表明性格优势对个体身心健康和幸福感有积极贡献。但目前该领域绝大多数研究着眼于性格优势,而忽略了该体系中更普遍、更核心的美德。美德的结构差异性可能阻碍了相关研究的进行和比较。本文认为“兼顾文化共通性与文化特殊性方法”可能是解决途径之一,并引用已有研究进行佐证,发现亲和力、生命力和意志力可能是一个具有普遍意义的美德结构。     

An investigation of preschoolers' misattributions of the properties of two‐dimensional images: understanding the relationship between a symbol and its referent

Previous studies have found that preschoolers are confused about the relationship between two‐dimensional (2D) symbols and their referents. Preschoolers report that 2D images (e.g. televised images and photographs) share some of the characteristics of the objects they are representing. A novel Comparison Task was created to test what might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images. Three‐and‐a‐half‐ and four‐and‐a‐half‐year olds made comparisons between items presented in two of three formats simultaneously, i.e. as a real object and as an object appearing on television (TV), as a real object and as a photo of that object, or as an object appearing on TV and in a photo. Presenting the televised object or the photo of the object along with the real object aided performance; children indicated that televised objects and photos of objects no longer shared the properties of the real objects. Children also performed better when presented with two 2D images of the same object (the photo of the object and the televised image of the object). Although dual‐representation might account for these misattributions of the properties of 2D images, because children also performed better when two 2D images of the same object were present, other possibilities such as children using pictures as communicative devices and disregarding the pragmatics of the task should be explored. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Superordinate shape classification using natural shape statistics

This paper investigates the classification of shapes into broad natural categories such as animal or leaf. We asked whether such coarse classifications can be achieved by a simple statistical classification of the shape skeleton. We surveyed databases of natural shapes, extracting shape skeletons and tabulating their parameters within each class, seeking shape statistics that effectively discriminated the classes. We conducted two experiments in which human subjects were asked to classify novel shapes into the same natural classes. We compared subjects’ classifications to those of a naive Bayesian classifier based on the natural shape statistics, and found good agreement. We conclude that human superordinate shape classifications can be well understood as involving a simple statistical classification of the shape skeleton that has been “tuned” to the natural statistics of shape.     

医学影像诊断工作中的哲学思考和人文关怀

随着现代医学模式的转化和医学影像技术的进步,在临床影像诊断工作中应该更注重哲学思维的运用和人文精神的培养。主要体现在以下几个问题：影像诊断在临床诊断中的地位、影像检查方法的合理选择、医学影像学的发展、影像诊断的辩证思考、检查前准备过程和检查过程中的人文关怀。     

论孔颖达"备包有无"的易道观

唐初易学呈现出融合汉魏的特色,孔颖达的《周易正义》是其杰出之代表。孔疏认为易道“备包有无”,孔疏中的“无”不是单纯的某种实体或属性,它具有多层含义,是对汉易元气发生论和玄学易无本论的融合创造,是其易学的形上学; 而“有”就是宇宙万有,孔疏将宇宙万有统摄于易象之中,认为易象是宇宙万有的符示涵摄者,由之提出了灵活开放的易象观;以之为基础,在乾坤父母说之上将易学六十四卦系统诠释成了一个流变互通的意义世界。     

Pratiques éducatives parentales face à des enfants porteurs d'une trisomie 21 et des enfants non déficients : étude comparative d'une activité conjointe d'encastrement en période précoce

This research studies the varied forms of parental supervision in early period. With this intention, thirty-six dyads non-defective parent-child of second year of life and thirty-six dyads parent-child carrying a Down syndrome, of the same age of development were thus observed, during a situation of play of embedding. The cluster analysis revealed the existence of four forms of parental guidance: one non-directive form and three directives forms corresponding to the communication of increasingly precise information for the resolution. Also, the four forms are very similar between the two groups. In conclusion, our results suggest, that independently of the groups, the varied forms of parental guidance could be regulated by the parental goals.     

ProjectA对我军士兵心理选拔研究的启示

美国军队选拔与分类项目（The Army’s Selection And Classification Project,Project A）是美军20世纪80年代为改进军队人员的选拔、分类和使用,加强军队质量建设而进行的一项大规模的研究工作,其目的是建立一套完整、科学、符合军队建设需要的军队人员选拔与分类方法,形成一整套用于军队人员军队人员选拔与分类的预测工具。本文简要介绍了Project A产生的背景、研究目的、基本实验设计、绩效评价系统建立、预测工具以及预测效度,并对我军开展士兵心理选拔分类以及安置的必要性和可行性做了简要分析,提出了基本构想     

Detection and veracity analysis of fake news via scrapping and authenticating the web search

Social media has become a part of our day-to-day life and has become one of the significant sources of information. Most of the information available on social media is in the form of images. This has given rise to fake news event distribution, which is misinforming the users. Hence, to tackle this problem, we propose a model which is concerned with the veracity analysis of information on various social media platforms available in the form of images. It involves an algorithm which validates the veracity of image text by exploring it on web and then checking the credibility of the top 15 Google search results by subsequently calculating the reality parameter (Rp), which if exceeds a threshold value, an event is classified as real else fake. In order to test the performance of our proposed approach, we compute the recognition accuracy, and the highest accuracy is compared with similar state-of-the-art models to demonstrate the superior performance of our approach.