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881.
探讨大学生儿童期虐待与情绪调节自我效能感(RESE)的关系。采用儿童期虐待问卷和情绪调节自我效能感量表调查472名大学生,筛选未受虐待者为对照组,并设定情感虐待伴情感忽视(EAEN)、情感忽视伴躯体忽视(ENPN)和情感虐待伴躯体忽视(EAPN)共3个实验组。结果表明:⑴躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视和情感忽视发生率分别为7.3%、40.2%、12.0%、42.1%、41.3%;⑵典型相关分析发现,虐待和RESE的整体相关显著,虐待变量和RESE变量可被自身典型变量解释的比例分别为34.5%和36.8%,冗余指数分别6.7和7.2;⑶EAEN和ENPN组调节生气/愤怒情绪效能感得分显著高于EAPN组,对照组调节积极情绪效能感得分显著高于3个实验组。 相似文献
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884.
Kimberly Cuevas Kirby Deater‐Deckard Jungmeen Kim‐Spoon Zhe Wang Katherine C. Morasch Martha Ann Bell 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2014,32(1):50-64
Despite the importance of executive function (EF) in both clinical and educational contexts, the aetiology of individual differences in early childhood EF remains poorly understood. This study provides the first longitudinal intergenerational analysis of mother–child EF associations during early childhood. A group of children and their mothers (n = 62) completed age‐appropriate EF tasks. Mother and child EFs were modestly correlated by 24 months of age, and this association was stable through 48 months. Importantly, maternal–child EF associations were still robust after controlling for verbal ability (potential indicator of verbal/crystallized intelligence) and maternal education (correlate of socio‐economic status and verbal intelligence). Potential implications of these findings as well as underlying mechanisms of the maternal–child EF association (gene–environment interplay) are discussed. 相似文献
885.
Kerry A. Chalmers 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2014,32(4):480-491
Children aged 3½ to 6½ years viewed pictures of common objects presented either once or three times on one of two consecutive days. A different hand puppet was used to present the pictures on each day, providing both perceptual and temporal cues to source. At test, old (studied) and new (non‐studied) pictures were presented for item recognition and source identification. Results showed that both item and source accuracy were higher for older (M = 5; 9 years) than younger children (M = 4; 6 years). Significant interactions between Age and Day of study were found for both item and source accuracy. For younger children, accuracy was higher for pictures studied on Day 1 than Day 2 (significant for source identification but not item recognition), whereas older children showed the opposite pattern: Higher accuracy for Day 2 than Day 1 (significant for item recognition but not source identification). Results are interpreted with respect to proactive interference and response bias. The utility of signal detection theory measures in determining the basis of age differences in performance of source identification is discussed. 相似文献
886.
探讨实施卫生部所颁发的手足口病诊疗与防控指南存在的难点.通过实践,依据指南,笔者将近几年工作中所遇到处理各种肠道病毒感染病例存在的问题加以分析,列出实施指南存在诸多临床及非临床的影响因素,包括:(1)上报、隔离引起的矛盾;(2)诊断、治疗、转诊引起的矛盾;(3)处理肠道病毒71型(EV71)感染、疱疹性咽峡炎等与手足口病的矛盾.较多的矛盾令基层医院依照目前的指南难以良好地开展工作,期待更完善的指南以及各地医疗主管部门制定切合实际的、可行的、各种具体的防控预案. 相似文献
887.
Mirjam N. Stolk Judi Mesman Jantien van Zeijl Lenneke R. A. Alink Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg Marinus H. van IJzendoorn Femmie Juffer Hans M. Koot 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(1):55-83
The effects of cumulative risk and parity on the effectiveness of a home based parenting intervention were tested in a randomized
controlled trial with 237 families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for high levels of externalizing behavior. The
intervention was aimed at enhancing positive parenting and decreasing externalizing behaviors. The results showed that cumulative
risk was not associated with either change in child externalizing behaviors or change in positive parenting. When intervention
effectiveness was compared for primiparas (i.e., first-time mothers) versus multiparas (i.e., mothers with more than one child),
we found that intervention mothers of first-born children displayed an increase in their use of positive discipline strategies
as compared to first-time mothers in the control group, whereas a similar effect for multiparas was absent. Among multiparas
we found an intervention effect on sensitivity, with control group mothers showing an increase in sensitivity, whereas the
intervention group showed a constant level of sensitivity over time. These results suggest that parity may be a moderator
of intervention effectiveness. Implications for investigating moderators of intervention effectiveness are discussed. 相似文献
888.
Riha PD Rojas JC Colorado RA Gonzalez-Lima F 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2008,90(1):112-124
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is the brain region displaying the earliest sign of energy hypometabolism in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In particular, the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory enzyme cytochrome oxidase (C.O.) is selectively inhibited within the PCC in AD. The present study is the first experimental analysis designed to model in animals the localized cortical C.O. inhibition found as the earliest metabolic sign of early-stage AD in human neuroimaging studies. Rats were used to model local inhibition of C.O. by direct injection of the C.O. inhibitor sodium azide into the PCC. Learning and memory were examined in a spatial holeboard task and brains were analyzed using quantitative histochemical, morphological and biochemical techniques. Behavioral results showed that sodium azide-treated rats were impaired in their memory of the baited pattern in probe trials as compared to their training scores before treatment, without non-specific behavioral differences. Brain analyses showed that C.O. inhibition was specific to the PCC, and sodium azide increased lipid peroxidation, gliosis and neuron loss, and lead to a network functional disconnection between the PCC and interconnected hippocampal regions. It was concluded that impaired memory by local C.O. inhibition in the PCC may serve to model in animals a metabolic lesion similar to that found in patients with amnestic MCI and early-stage AD. This model may be useful as an in vivo testing platform to investigate neuroprotective strategies to prevent or reduce the amnestic effects produced by posterior cingulate energy hypometabolism. 相似文献
889.
This article examines potential theoretical constraints on resilience across levels of risk, time, and domain of outcome.
Studies of resilience are reviewed as they relate to the prevalence of resilience across levels of risk (e.g., single life
events vs. cumulative risk), time, and domains of adjustment. Based on a thorough review of pertinent literature, we conclude
that resilience, as a global construct, appears to be rare at the highest levels of risk, and that resilience may benefit
from a narrower conceptualization focusing on specific outcomes at specific timepoints in development. The implication of
this conclusion for future research and intervention efforts is then discussed. 相似文献
890.
This study compared 2- to 4-year-olds who understand how counting works (cardinal-principle-knowers) to those who do not (subset-knowers), in order to better characterize the knowledge itself. New results are that (1) Many children answer the question "how many" with the last word used in counting, despite not understanding how counting works; (2) Only children who have mastered the cardinal principle, or are just short of doing so, understand that adding objects to a set means moving forward in the numeral list whereas subtracting objects mean going backward; and finally (3) Only cardinal-principle-knowers understand that adding exactly 1 object to a set means moving forward exactly 1 word in the list, whereas subset-knowers do not understand the unit of change. 相似文献