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1.
Piroska Balog Barna Konkolÿ Thege 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2019,19(1)
Background/objective
The aim of this study was to examine the role of vital exhaustion in predicting the recurrence of vascular events.Method
The sample comprised of 816 individuals (65.3% female, Mage = 43.2 years, SD = 14.7 years), 395 (48.4%) of whom reported treatment for the reoccurrence of a vascular event during the four-year follow-up period. Concurrent effects of baseline vital exhaustion (measured by a shortened version of the Maastricht Questionnaire), depression (assessed by a shortened version of the BDI), anxiety (assessed by the HADS), and hostility (assessed by a shortened version of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale) in predicting the recurrence of T2 vascular events were examined. The analyses were also controlled for traditional risk factors, such as age, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and lack of physical activity.Results
The regression analyses showed that vital exhaustion scores significantly predicted the reoccurrence of vascular events even after controlling for all covariates. None of the other psychological predictors (depression, anxiety, and hostility) was significant in the final model.Conclusions
These results suggest that despite the partial conceptual overlap with several similar constructs, vital exhaustion is a distinct phenomenon that deserves consideration when planning and implementing interventions to reduce the risk of vascular diseases. 相似文献2.
Anthony J. Goreczny Phillip J. Brantley Ray R. Buss William F. Waters 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1988,10(3):259-267
Although stress and anxiety have long been assumed to play an exacerbatory role in asthma, no study has systematically documented that daily exacerbations of asthma symptoms are related to stress and/or anxiety. In this study, 24 airways obstruction patients (12 asthmatics and 12 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients) were instructed to monitor the severity of daily respiratory symptoms. In addition, subjects recorded their daily anxiety level and the number and perceived impact of daily stressors. The results showed that although there were differences between high- and low-stress days for both groups, there were no differences between groups on symptom severity or between high- and low-anxiety days, as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Thus, although the number and impact of daily stressors were found to be directly associated with the severity of asthma symptoms, anxiety does not appear to have a direct role in the exacerbation of asthma. The findings failed to support the anxiety theory of asthma but provided an explanation for the poor results obtained in previous treatment studies which employed anxiety management with asthmatics. 相似文献
3.
Coby Gerlsma Ineke Mosterman Sytske Buwalda Paul M. G. Emmelkamp 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1992,14(4):343-361
The relationship between memories of childhood experiences (e.g., adverse parenting) and adult depression often found raises questions of interpretation. On the one hand, both laboratory studies and clinicians' experiences suggest that subjects in a depressed mood frequently show a negative bias in perceptions and memories. Negative childhood memories in depressed persons might, therefore, be interpreted as epiphenomena of depressed mood instead of etiological factors. On the other hand, memories of childhood experiences seem remarkably stable across changes in depressed mood, especially when memories are elicited by means of standardized questionnaires. In the mood and memory literature several explanations for this stability are offered. For one thing, highly structured cues to elicit memories (such as in questionnaires) are hypothesized to be less susceptible to mood bias than unstructured memory cues (such as in free recall procedures). On the other hand, resource allocation theorists suggest that childhood memories, being well established and rehearsed, are relatively impervious to mood bias no matter how they are elicited. In this study we examined whether different methods of eliciting childhood memories (i.e., free recall and questionnaire-cued) are differentially susceptible to mood bias. To this aim, we used a mood induction procedure to induce depressed, neutral, and elated mood and assessed childhood memories both before and after the mood induction using both questionnaires and free recall to elicit memories. Results suggested that memories elicited by means of free recall as well as by means of questionnaire-cued recall were susceptible to depressed and elated mood bias. The implications for research addressing the link between childhood experiences and depression are discussed. 相似文献
4.
K. Alison Clarke-Stewart 《Infant and child development》1992,1(1):5-14
Twenty years ago, William Kessen, Greta Fein and I developed and tested a model of parent education, a model which involved variation in curricular content, didactic approaches, and child outcomes–experimentally contrasted. Our experience yielded some valuable lessons about the extent to which researchers can influence parents' behaviour, and parents their children's development. In the present article I suggest that these lessons might be useful for researchers now as they were for us then. I present some observations about the research that developmental psychologists have done in the intervening two decades and suggest that we could learn much by using such a model of parent education to answer questions about the effets of parents' behaviour on children's development. Carefully done, parent education studies can yield valuable information about many of the questions raised in recent correlational research. Parent training research can suggest hypotheses that can be tested with data collected non-interventively and analysed in causal model analyses–and vice versa. What is more, because one reason for studying parent effects is so that we can offer guidance to parents about rearing their children, this design has a particular advantage; it is both the medium and the message. 相似文献
5.
Patti Lou Watkins Edwin B. Fisher Jr. Douglas R. Southard Clay H. Ward Kenneth B. Schechtman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1989,11(1):113-125
Investigators have begun to take a multimodal approach to the assessment and treatment of psychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). For instance, cognitive responses have become the focus of contemporary research along with continued examination of overt Type A behaviors. Price (1982) has outlined a set of beliefs purportedly associated with Type A behavior and subsequent CVD risk. The current study examines the validity of this belief set as represented by a newly developed measure, the Type A Cognitive Questionnaire (TACQ). Subjects were 221 employed adults participating in a worksite CVD risk reduction program. They completed the TACQ as part of a pretreatment CVD risk screening protocol. As hypothesized, TACQ scores were significantly associated with Type A behavior, hostility, physiological mediators of CVD, and psychosocial distress. Discussion addresses continued refinement of the Type A belief construct. 相似文献
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Visual context processing was investigated in both action video game players and nonplayers using the Ebbinghaus illusion task (N = 312, 39.4% female) in a cross-sectional study design. When presented in context, players showed markedly poorer target size discrimination accuracy compared with nonplayers in the 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-years old age groups, but this difference was reduced in 10-years old group and diminished in adults. When presented in isolation (no-context), the two groups displayed similar performance in all age groups. Furthermore, nonplayers (linear) and players (bell curve) showed profoundly different age-related differences in context processing. These findings provide evidence that players might have enhanced perceptual bias to process visual context in the transition from early childhood to early adolescence, and the differences between the two groups start at early ages and continue with distinct developmental profiles. 相似文献
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10.
Victor J. Malatesta 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1990,12(3):219-232
A nine-year-old male, who met DSM III-R criteria for transient tic disorder, participated in an experimental assessment strategy to generate support for a case formulation. In addition to presenting motor disturbance, assessment procedures revealed six problem areas. All problems were formulated as manifestations of a hypersensitivity to evaluation, etiologically related to the boy's relationship with an insecure and critical father. It was hypothesized that the patient's tic disorder was a consequence of his hypersensitivity to father's excessive criticism, which then generalized to other evaluative situations. Using a controlled single-subject design, predictions derived from the formulation were tested by exposing the child to a planned combination of evaluative observers (e.g., father, mother, therapist, etc.) who watched him as he worked on a series of puzzles. The dependent measures included (1) behavioral recordings of tic frequency and (2) frontalis EMG responses. The results indicated significant differences in tic rate and EMG as a function of the type of observer. Consistent with the formulation, the patient displayed the highest levels of tic behavior and EMG response when his father was the observer and lowest in the presence of the mother. Predictions regarding other stimulus conditions were also confirmed. These results provided support for the case formulation that was used to design an effective treatment intervention. Findings suggest that the case formulation model offers a method whereby novel case hypotheses can be generated for poorly understood psychopathology and tested later in the experimental situation. 相似文献